1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Danao Municipality - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Forest Management Bureau (Forest Management Bureau) - 菲律宾

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

11/06/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Gaps in vegetation or other combustible material that act as barriers to prevent and/ or control the spreading of forest fires to other areas.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Firebreaks are 1,000-meter long, ten meters wide, located in the periphery/boundary and/or top of the ridge as barriers to slow or stop the progress of a fire. Greenbreaks are formed within the firebreaks by planting fire-resistant species in the gap portions such as kakawate (Gliricidia sepium), banana (Musa) abaca (Musa textilis), malunggay (Moringa oleifera), and cassava (Manihot esculenta). As a practice, fire breaks are established in every ten hectares to form a block, but it can vary depending on the slope of the area. Fires tend to spread quickly in higher slopes compared to flat areas, thus, more firebreaks are recommended.

Purpose of the Technology: Firebreaks/greenbreaks are established to protect the forest trees and wildlings from disturbances and wildfire. In case of forest fire, firebreaks/green breaks prevent the spread of fire from one block to another. Wildlings are seedlings derived from seeds scattered by birds, insects, animals and wind without human intervention, and allowed to grow naturally in the forest. The green breaks are planted with cash crops as immediate source of food and additional income for the land users.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The first step in creating fire breaks is the removal of all combustible materials such as deadwoods and cogon grasses (Imperata cylindrica) by using hoe or plow. Then, fire-resistant plant species such as kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) cuttings (i.e. 1-meter high) are staked at 1.5- meter spacing on both sides of the 10-meter wide firebreak. Kakawate is the preferred plant species because the leaves have high Nitrogen content and resistant to fire and drought. Maintenance of firebreaks/green breaks is done before the onset of the dry season. It is done through brushing of invasive weeds and plating of root crops. The pruning of kakawate is done every three years." Bayanihan" (rotational schedule of labour), a traditional communal concept of voluntary work is practiced during the establishment of the technology.

Natural / human environment: The area is part of the forest reserve in Danao, Bohol primarily intended for nature conservation and protection. It is about 100-500 m.a.s.l with moderately rolling to hilly slopes. It is under humid tropics climate with an average annual rainfall of 1500-2000 mm per year. The soil is loam, shallow depth, low fertility, with good drainage and medium water storage capacity. The area has high biodiversity as indicated by the presence of different indigenous trees and plants species, and wild animals and birds. The land users who apply the technology are small-holder farmers.These are members of a local cooperative. The population density is about 10-50 persons per sq. km. Since extraction of resources from the forest is prohibited, off-farm income is very important to the land users. Access to basic services and infrastructures are low.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

• DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources) protocol on reforestration

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Forest fire, competition with weedy species

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): spread of invasive alien species

Other type of forest: tree regeneration

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Increase of biodiversity (Wildlife)

Forest products and services: fruits and nuts, other forest products / uses (honey, medical, etc.)

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理

• Firebreak

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 3.6 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Specification of other vegetative measures: Pruning of kakawate, root crop planting

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -along boundary

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bf: detrimental effects of fires

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bh: loss of habitats

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Firelines established in the ANR site.

Location: Barangay San Miguel. Danao, Bohol

Date: June 10, 2015

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of fires, reduction of dry material (fuel for wildfires)

Secondary technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, increase of biomass (quantity), perimeter dirt road

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 10

Trees/ shrubs species: Kakawate trees

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	clearing of cogon grass in the firelines	植物性的	February
2.	Planting of kakawate cuttings	植物性的	on set of rainy season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	clearing of cogon grass in the firelines and Planting of kakawate cuttings	ha	1.0	26.66	26.66	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					26.66

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 3 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	brushing/clearing	植物性的	Every after 4 months
2.	Pruning of kakawate/per year	植物性的	every 3 years

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	brushing/clearing as well as pruning of kakawate/per year	ha	1.0	31.1	31.1	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					31.1

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (220m)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil vertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%; 1%
100% of the land users are poor and own 100% of the land.
Market orientation of production system: Forest conservation and self subsistence ( Green breaks planted as cash crop )

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	未知
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) provided financial and technical support in the establishment of the technology.

Comments on spontaneous adoption: No spontaneous adoption was recorded without the support of the government (DENR) or private agencies.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology does not require heavy equipment and instrument during the establishment How can they be sustained / enhanced? Use of indigenous tools during establishment such as hoe and plows

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Relative small financial input in the establishment of the technology How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular clearing of firebreaks

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Fires could cross on the firebreaks because of big and overlapping canopies.	Regular trimming on the canopies of trees near the firelines and brushing of weeds/grasses.