1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

KARI Headquarters (KARI Headquarters) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Jomo Kenyatta University (Jomo Kenyatta University) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

09/02/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Trashlines are lines of crop residuals that remain after harvesting, they are formed along the contours.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Trash lines are crop residues laid in bands across the slope of annual crop fields to conserve soil and water, and to incorporate organic matter into the soil after decomposition. They are formed into ridges across the slope to form semi permeable barriers that decrease the runoff velocity and increase the infiltration duration, but allow passage of excess runoff. They impede runoff and enhance infiltration. They also prevent evaporation of water from the soil thus conserving soil moisture. Different dimensions and spacing as practiced by farmers have given rise to different structures depending on availability of materials and tools. Thus there are large and small, fixed and mobile trash lines, spaced about 15 m apart. The position of most trash lines is not fixed but instead new trash is placed 3 to 5m up slope each season.

Purpose of the Technology: Trash lines allow water to infiltrate into the soil in the area directly beneath them, and require little labour to construct but frequent maintenance. Trash lines form semi-permeable barriers across the slope that decrease the surface runoff velocity and increase the infiltration duration of impounded water, but allow passage of excess runoff. As a result, the amount of infiltrated water increases and the runoff volume and its erosive power decrease. Additionally, retention of sediment in the trash results in reduced soil and nutrient losses. Trash lines require low labor.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Farmers in Embu utilizes the crop residuals after harvesting. The most common used type of crop residual used in Embu district is maize stovers that are left behind after harvesting. They are laid down in a row along the contour and left to decompose after sometime leaving a line of rich organic matter. They do very well when practiced with conservation agriculture. This is very common in the lower Mbeere District.

Natural / human environment: In other areas, cereal stover (straw) and weeds that are collected during primary cultivation (hand hoeing), and heaped in strips along the approximate contour are used as trash lines. Creeping grasses should not be used in trash lines, they can alternatively be decomposed in bundles, and then used as mulch in nearby banana plantations. Trash lines can also be constructed on hillside fields where annual crops, including sorghum, finger millet, beans and peas, are grown.The recommended spacing between the improved trash lines is 5–10 m, depending on the slope: the steeper the closer. The amount of material available determines the cross section of each trash line (typically ±0.5 m wide and ±0.3 m high).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Reduction of soil erosion and excessive evaporation
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Increase of organic matter to increase nutrients

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180, Longest growing period from month to month: January to June

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 1-10 平方千米

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing on the left side shows rows of maize stovers that are laid down along a contour line after harvesting.

Location: Embu North District. Eastern province
Date: 02/09/2011

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Structural measure: Trashline
Vertical interval between structures (m): 5
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 30

Construction material (other): maize stovers
Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kshs

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

100.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Harvesting and cutting the stovers	结构性的	When maize matures
2.	Marking the contours	结构性的	Before laying the stovers
3.	Collecting the stovers and laying them along the marked contour	结构性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Harvesting and cutting the stovers	Mandays	4.0	1.0	4.0	100.0
劳动力	Marking the contours	Mandays	3.0	1.3333	4.0	100.0
劳动力	Collecting the stovers and laying them along the marked contour	Mandays	4.0	1.0	4.0	100.0
设备	Tools	Numbers	4.0	1.25	5.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	16.0	16.0	100.0
施工材料	Maize stovers	ha	1.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					133.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Adding stovers in the next season	结构性的	after every season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Adding stovers in the next season	Mandays	4.0	1.0	4.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	8.0	8.0	100.0
施工材料	Maize stovers	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					72.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Pangas
Labour

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Availability of crop residuals and labour are the most determinate factors affecting the costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: High
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%
70% of the land users are average wealthy.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

注释:

Farmers in the lower Mbeere District have been uprooting maize stovers to increase weight so as to prevent the trash being carried away by strong wind

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Trashlines reduces soil erosion by trapping the sediments
Increase of organic matter in the soil after decomposition
Establishment of trashlines doesn't need alot of labour.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
When crop residuals are used for establishment of trashlines, this leads to reduction of fodder for farm animals	planting of fodder crops instead of relying on maize stocks alone
The trash lines harbors pests, they are also associated with termite infestation especially in the dry areas of Mbeere south District	Alternative methods of controlling pests should be put in place

7.1 信息的方法/来源