1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

KARI Headquarters (KARI Headquarters) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Jomo Kenyatta University (Jomo Kenyatta University) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

06/03/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

This is a vegetative technology that involves planting of trees in a portion of land for various uses.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Woodlots in both Embu and Mbeere districts and in most parts of rural Kenya are usually small afforested plots of 0.04 to 0.5ha which are usually associated with the local demand for timber and fuel wood. They are mainly established and managed on individual basis. Grevillea Robusta and Eucalyptus trees are the main tree species used for woodlots in Embu District. Fast-growing and coppicing species are best for woodlot establishment.

Purpose of the Technology: Woodlots are mainly used for provision of firewood, timber and building materials. Woodlots also prevent soil erosion through their thick mulch and roots that hold the soil together. Other benefits of woodlots includes provision of cool weather, air purification or windbreakers. They are well protected, especially during the first years after establishment.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Farmers in Embu district normally obtain healthy plants is by using seedlings from their individual or local nurseries. The nurseries should be set 6-10 weeks before the start of the rainy season. The plants must be transferred to the fields in the early rainy season. The trees can be planted after a shallow ploughing (seeds) or in planting pits (seedlings). Spacing changes according to the purpose, 2 x 2 m or 2 x 4 m are common options. Management should be particularly careful in the first years. Weeding should be carried out 2-3 times in the first 2 years in order to avoid competition with weeds and reduce pests’ infestations. The area must be closed to grazing animals for the first few
years. Woodlots need protection from fire.

Natural / human environment: At early stages of establishment, farmers inter-crop the trees with crops. Percieved poor land that cannot be used for anything but trees is primarily recommended for woodlots. While siting the location of planting woodlot, transport requirements must be borne in mind. The site for timber and wood production for domestic use should preferably be near the house to reduce the burden of carrying firewood

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): firewood

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 1500, Longest growing period from month to month: five years

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 防风林/防护林带
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

Woodlots in thie Embu North District are implemented on small individual farms

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), population pressure

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing on the left shows a stand of woodlot with natural vegetation growing underneath. The woodlot mainly comprises of Eucalyptus and Grevillea Robusta trees for fire wood and timber production.

Location: Embu North District. Eastern province
Date: 02.09.2011

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate
Main technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides)
Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, improvement of ground cover

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kshs

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

100.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Seeding	植物性的	before the rainy season
2.	Transplanting	植物性的	Onset of the rainy season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Transplanting	Mandays	4.0	1.0	4.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	Grams	100.0	0.05	5.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					14.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	植物性的	2-3 times for the first three years
2.	Prunning	植物性的	once per year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	mandays	10.0	0.4	4.0	100.0
劳动力	Prunning	mandays	10.0	0.4	4.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					13.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor and the cost of seedlings are the most determinate factors affecting the costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Production of timber and firewood.
Woodlots acts as windbreaks

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Occupies land that could otherwise be utilized for food crops	Plant the trees along the boundaries.

7.1 信息的方法/来源