1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Jomo Kenyatta University (Jomo Kenyatta University) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

KARI Headquarters (KARI Headquarters) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

18/09/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A hedgerow is a line of closely spaced shrubs and tree species, planted and trained to form a barrier or to mark the boundary of an area.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A hedgerow may consist of a single species or several, typically mixed at random. In most newly planted British hedgerows, at least 60 percent of the shrubs are hawthorn, blackthorn, and (in the southwest) hazel, alone or in combination. The first two are particularly effective barriers to livestock. Other shrubs and trees used include holly, beech, oak, ash, and willow; the last three can become very tall.

Purpose of the Technology: Hedgerows have many values and functions. A diversity of hedgerow types and management on a farm is ideal. The functions of hedgerows include the following: Shelter - hedgerows provide protection for livestock and crops for up to thirty times their height, a dense base is also more effective. Flooding control –root systems of hedgerows regulate water movement and help prevent flooding. Disease control –hedgerows help prevent the spread of airborne disease. Water quality – hedgerows trap silt and soil particles, which clog up fish spawning grounds if they enter watercourses . Wildlife - hedgerows have become very important wildlife habitats in the countryside.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: New hedges should be pruned from an early stage to establish a shape and prevent leggy, unhealthy growth. The amount pruned back will depend on the type of hedge. The hedge is shaped as early as possible and tapered so that it is wider at the bottom than the top, ensuring the lower part will get the sunlight it needs for healthy growth. Once the hedge is established, regular maintenance will ensure it keeps healthy and neat. The hedge is cut by the eye , but it can be a good idea to set lines with lengths of string taut between canes. If a formal hedge has got out of shape, cutting it back severely is often the only remedy. But this method is not suitable for all species. Conifers, in particular, react badly if you cut into old wood.

Natural / human environment: Hedgerows can be very effective at preventing loss of soil from fields, either through reducing wind erosion or through acting as a barrier to water-borne run-off. This is particularly so in arable areas, both where the land is flat and prone to wind-blow and in hilly areas where loss of soil following heavy rain can be a major problem especially in places prone to gully erosion.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 降低灾害风险

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): High soil erosion due to both wind and runoff
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Reduced fertility due to loss of top soil
Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 防风林/防护林带

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management, land tenure

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The drawing on the left hand side shows boundary hedgerows demarcating different pieces of land.

Location: Embu North District. Eastern
Date: 2012/11/12

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate
Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…)
Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 10
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kshs

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

100.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	establishing a contour	植物性的	during land preparation
2.	planting seedlings of caliandra	植物性的	at the start of construction

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	20.0	20.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	20.0	20.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					140.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	prunning	植物性的	often

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	30.0	30.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	20.0	20.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					60.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: High

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Hedgerows prevents or cuts down wind speed, which prevents erosion
Hedgerows can act as barriers to windborne pests, and insects in the hedgerow pollinate crops, particularly bumblebees which need hedge banks.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Hinder machine operation within the farms	Have designated paths where machines can close
Hedgerows can shelter pests, such as rabbits, which can damage crops.	Random inspection if they are sheltering pests and appropriate actions to be taken
Shading of the crop can cause uneven ripening and disease	Periodic trimming to prevent excess shading

7.1 信息的方法/来源