1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

27/04/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

A highly successful example intensive zero-grazing of dairy cattle. The hybrid stock is progressively adopted to the climatic conditions of northern Uganda using selective gene replication technologies. Only female calves are produced on this farm through artificial insemination using sexed semen. Between February and April 2017, the herd increased from 54 to 63.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Intensive zero-grazing of hybrid dairy Hybrid (Holstein Friesian) cattle to produce a constant high yield of milk all-year around.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The productivity of modern intensive livestock management systems in northern Uganda is highly constrained by increasing household land shortage, poor quality pastures and rampant spread of livestock pests and diseases. Thus a large number of improved cattle are reared in closed systems where they are fed, treated and supervised. Some bulk feeds are grown on the same farm and the manure from the livestock housing units is used to improve soil fertility and crop yields of the same farm.

Improved breeds of cattle (75% Friesian and 25% local) are reared in paddocked land area of an average in 8 hectares, within which the animals are fed, watered and managed with medication. Approximately 25% of this land area is devoted to livestock structures, in which up to 64 Friesians are kept. The rest of the land is planted with improved pastures as well as other crops such as maize (Zea mays), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), fruit trees and vegetables. Manure is collected daily from an assembly point and applied to the crops. Improved pastures are also used for silage. The system further provides manure, which is valuable for soil fertility improvement in crop fields. Moreover, the confinement of the livestock system helps to reduce conflicts experienced in traditional free range grazing areas.

The approach and materials used in this intensive dairy cattle rearing system in northern Uganda closely follows specification for dairy cattle barns in New Zealand (www.simpleshelter.co.nz/). When properly implemented, the financial returns are substantial in the long term. However, establishment costs are relatively high for most average smallholder farmers in northern Uganda. The sustainable land management (SLM) benefits from this system justify its adoption, although carbon balance needs to be independently assessed.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2007

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Started this innitiative after retiring from Heifer International Project as a Veterinary doctor.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Several overlapping technologies have been designed to create a sustainable mixed crop and livestock agricultural system.

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

20 acres of communal subsistence cropland that was increasingly being left to fallow because of declining crop yields was converted to highly productive self-sustaining dairy farm

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Three cropping seasons are managed from two seasons of rainfall through an innovative early planting philosophy referred to as "dry-planting", which splits the long rainy season into two. The three-season crop production system is necessary to ensure the production of enough fodder for the animals. 63 cows may be managed on the limited acreage using this system.

每年的生长季节数:

• 3

具体说明:

3 seasons achieved through innovative "dry-cropping".

牲畜密度（如相关）:

63 cows on 5 acres of land.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

While the crop production area is evenly spread, the cow sheds are built at specific places on the farm.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

The intricate combination of agronomic, vegetative and management measures is necessary for sustaining the farm.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Use of disc harrowing reduces soil disturbance that could lead to destruction of soil structure and induce water erosion during heavy rainfall episodes.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Use of Animal manure.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing shows 63 cows kept in 5 acres (25% of 20 acres) of land situated on a gentle slope (3-5%. 10 Milking cows are put in a milking shade made with steel rather than wooden elements to last longer since longevity in the humid conditions is assured by use of metal. The shelter is roofed with iron sheets and cemented up to a level of 40-60 cm with each cow producing 10-15 litres / day. On the same land, maize and cow peas are planted as supplement feeds during wet and dry season.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3400.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Find and buy land	管理	Anytime, before establishment
2.	Survey land to get map especially for gradient and soils	管理	Anytime, before harvesting
3.	Remove all tree cover and stumps	农业学的	Dry season
4.	Disc Ploughing	农业学的	Dry season
5.	Plant Maize	植物性的	Rainy season
6.	Build silage bunker	结构性的	Anytime
7.	Construct Animal Barns	结构性的	Anytime
8.	Identify water source	管理	anytime
9.	Construct and fill water storage tanks	结构性的	Just before stocking
10.	Procure and stock in-calf cows	管理	After harvest of first crop of maize

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果可能，按下表分列技术建立费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出建立该技术的总成本估算。:

58000.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Procure stock	Pieces	10.0	200000.0	2000000.0	100.0
劳动力	Survey and map land	Pieces	1.0	23000000.0	23000000.0	100.0
劳动力	Slash, cut trees, remove stumps	Person-days	60.0	5000.0	300000.0	100.0
设备	Plant maize	Person-days	10.0	5000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Weed maize	Person-days	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
设备	Cut maize to make silage	Person-days	20.0	500.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Tractor, pump, water tank, piping	Pieces	1.0	7500000.0	7500000.0	100.0
植物材料	Maize seed	Kg	325.0	5000.0	1625000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	NPK fertilizers	Kg	1500.0	3000.0	4500000.0	100.0
施工材料	Prefabs, roofing, bricks, sand, cement and construction costs	Pieces	1.0	5000.0	5000.0
技术建立所需总成本					39090000.0

注释:

After retiring from active service, he acquired a huge loan from bank. The project has paid back the loan.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Harrowing	农业学的	Dry season
2.	Planting	农业学的	Dry season (dry planting) and wet season
3.	Harvesting (cutting stalks for silage)	管理	Wet season
4.	Silage making	管理	Wet season
5.	Vaccination	管理	Continuous
6.	Deworming	管理	Continuous
7.	Milking and milk selling	管理	Continuous
8.	Maintenance of machinery	管理	Continuous
9.	Maintenance of barns	管理	Continuous

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	persons days paid monthly	persons	50.0	150000.0	7500000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Vaccines monthly	1	30.0
其它	Servicing and mainting equipemnt monthly	1	30.0
技术维护所需总成本					7500000.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour and equipment takes most of the costs. Labour and equipment maintenance is routine monthly.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Water is pumped from underground for domestic use and for the animals.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

He is a trainer in diary production and management in Gulu district facilitated by Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF).

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

注释:

Enclosed area with strict management.
Land ownership is individual but not titled because the land user has not started on the process of acquiring the title.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

Generally, the economic and social benefits far outweigh the environmental costs. The technology is a good SLM practice.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	非常好
季节性温度	旱季	增加	非常好
年降雨量		减少	好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	非常好
局地雷暴	非常好
局地雹灾	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	适度
干旱	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	非常好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The technology is highly productive in the medium to longer term.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Technology is quite expensive and requires external support to establish.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Hybrids which combine high milk yield and tolerance for local weather conditions are being bred in preference to original 75 percent parent stock.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Environment is controlled to create microclimate suitable to technology.
Technology creates an isolated complete ecosystem.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Once established, the technology is extremely profitable.
Opportunities established for training extension delivery personnel through demonstration of good practices.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Inputs make technology quite expensive.	Calculate economic profitability carefully to maintain efficient production.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Combining intensive productivity with training carries the risk of introducing animal diseases from the high flux of visitors.	Disinfection basins have been placed at various points on the farm.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

None

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

None