1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

27/04/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The Technology generates manure which is applied in the gardens to improve soil fertility.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Collected poultry wastes are applied on a planted fruit garden growing mangoes, oranges, jack-fruits, pawpaw, lemon and vegetables such as green peas, tomatoes, cabbages and plantations of pine and eucalyptus for soil fertility improvement and increased production.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Poultry waste for soil fertility improvement is a common and widely used practice by small scale farmers in Northern Uganda. Manure is collected form the chicken units which are located within a compound. Chicken manure is collected from the compost pit and applied on 1 acre of land or more with the aim of improving soil fertility and increasing production. The method also increases the nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content of the soil.

The high nitrogen content and balanced nutrients produced by the chicken provide rich manure compost that the land users apply on the farm garden. The garden grows mangoes, oranges, jack-fruits, pawpaw, lemons, vegetables such as green peas, tomatoes and cabbages. The garden also grows pine and eucalyptus trees. Usually chicken manure is kept for decomposting in a hole (decomposting pit), dug into the ground. The manure has the most effective nutrients among all animal wastes and is used as a highly effective measure to improve soil fertility.

To establish and implement this practice, chicken waste is collected from the poultry units using a wheelbarrow and deposited into a decomposting pit dug at a depth of 1 meter. The pit is square in size and its side are 1x1 meter.

The farmer gives the manure three months to break down some of the more powerful nutrients so that they are more usable by the crops before. Thereafter, it is applied using a shovel, a hoe, labour and wheelbarrows. To maintain this technology, the decomposing manure has to be turned after every two weeks for proper breakdown, and clearing around the decomposing pit. Most land users like the technology because it provides manure which improves soil fertility and increases crop production. Surplus manure may be sold and the income so obtained may be used for purchase of other necessary items such as seed, agro-chemicals or other such inputs.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2012

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

There was need to generate income and also provide manures to the gardens.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 改良植物品种/动物品种
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Degraded landscape is reclaimed with the help of manure application.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Chicken waste is deposited into a decomposting pit. The land user integrates fruit trees, vegatables and trees into a garden. A shovel and a hoe is used to mix the manure into the garden.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Composting pit	管理	During dry season, at the time of establishment
2.	Putting the waste into the composting pit	管理	After decomposition

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Digging decomposting pit	Manday	1.0	5000.0	5000.0	100.0
劳动力	Labour for collecting chicken waste	Manday	5.0	5000.0	25000.0	100.0
设备	Wheelbarrow	Piece	1.0	90000.0	90000.0	100.0
设备	Shovel	Piece	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	Piece	5.0	12000.0	60000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂						100.0
技术建立所需总成本					190000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Turning the manure during decomposting process	管理	Every after two weeks

注释:

The technology is easy to manage and it requires less labor force.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Hired labour for turning the compost	day	14.0	5000.0	70000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					70000.0

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land user is a businessman.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		减少	适度
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	减少	适度
年降雨量		增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Good at improving soil fertility and increasing production due to application of manure.
Very rewarding and can easily be replicated due to its economic benefits.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Provides positive returns (improvement of soil fertility and increase of production) when applied on farm.
Can be promoted by both small, medium and large scale farmers due its benefits.
Suitable and appropriate for hired labour which is locally obtained.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Manure may affect the crops in the garden if not composted well.	Ensure that only well composted manure is applied on the farm.
Takes time to compost resulting into delay in application on farm.	Start the process early enough before planned application of manure on land.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Composition of manure if not done well may affect the crop production.	Ensure manure composting process is manged well (collection, putting into the pit, turning and taking to the garden)
Requires transport for manure which may result in high costs in cases the garden is far.	Use hired labour which might be cheap.
The technology may provide insufficient manure if the planted garden is big.	Integrate other options such as having cows, goats and sheep that can also provide manure but also integrate agroforestry trees for soil fertility improvement.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/manures/chicken-manure-fertilizer.htm

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Open access

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Recycling Improves Soil Fertility Management in Smallholdings in Tanzania February 2018 Agriculture 8(3):31 DOI:10.3390/agriculture8030031 Project: Integrating untapped resources from cooking and sanitation into peasants’ farm-scale nutrient management: a system analysis from the micro perspectiv

URL:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323421475_Recycling_Improves_Soil_Fertility_Management_in_Smallholdings_in_Tanzania