1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Interactive Soil Quality assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural productivity and Environmental Resilience (EU-iSQAPER)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Department for Agronomy, University of Ljubljana - 斯洛文尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

09/06/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The technology is based on use of livestock manure from dairy cows (excreta and cereals straw) for fertilisation of arable fields with 3-5 year rotation. Manure has a very good effect on soil production capacity and on growth of vegetable crops.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1. The technology is applied in the flatlands of Ljubljana with an average altitude of 350 m.a.s.l. Average annual precipitation is 1400 mm. The area is characterized with often stormy precipitation events and occasional droughts. Silty loam soils in the area are moderately deep to deep with medium soil organic matter. Area has good availability of surface water and groundwater of good drinking quality. The biodiversity of the area is medium without any salinity and flooding problems. Sedentary agriculture with mixed or commercial agriculture is practiced with less than 10% of income coming from off-farm activities. The examined farm household has an average wealth and is fully mechanized/motorized. All farm households have a good access to services and infrastructure. The examinded farm is medium in scale with land patly owned by the land user and partly leased from other private owners.

2. Main characteristic is the use of livestock manure on arable fields and especially for vegetable production. Manure is composed from solid dairy cows excreta and cereals straw (wheat, barley) which is used as bedding for cows. Manure is composted for few months (4-6, depends on storage capacity). It is spread before ploughing and then ploughed into the soil. Spreading of manure is done in autumn or in spring. Knowledge on time of spreading and on handling with machines is needed.

3. Main function is increasing organic matter in the soil and also all major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium etc.). This leads to better (1) productivity due to nutrients slow release, (2) better water holding capacity and (3) decreased soil compaction threat.

4. Major inputs needed to establish are: livestock (animals), stable adapted to the manure collection, use of straw bedding, storage facility (if possible covered with roof), manure spreader, and loading equipment. Major inputs to maintain are: keeping of the livestock herd and maintenance of the machines.

5. The benefits are: (1) increase in soil organic matter, (2) increase soil water holding capacity, (3) to maintain soil productivity, (4) increase in yields quantity and quality.

6. Land users like: (1) lower cost for mineral fertilisers, (2) impact on soil fertility, (3) it's a traditional method.
Land users dislike: (1) time-consuming - labour hours invested, (2) storage capacity takes space, (3) costs of transport.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

only vegetables are also irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

one main crop

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The infographic presents main parts of the technology from livestock originated manure, stored and composted and finally applied over fields. After that manure is incorporated in to the soil with purpose of improving the productivity of soils and for better crop and vegetable yields.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

EUR (€)

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

0.89

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	construction of the storage facility for capacity of 6 month	结构性的	all year around
2.	Purchase of machinery for manure loading	管理	all year around
3.	Purchase of machinery for manure transport	管理	all year around

注释:

However, this is a traditional method, so farmer has mainly maintenance costs.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果可能，按下表分列技术建立费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出建立该技术的总成本估算。:

2.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Storage facililty for 6 month capacity	pcs	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Machine for loading manure	pcs	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Machine for transport of manure	pcs	1.0	15000.0	15000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					35000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Labour with daily manure handling	农业学的	all year around
2.	Labour with transport to the fields	农业学的	all year around
3.	Maintanance of machines	农业学的	all year around

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Manure handling every day	EUR/hour	182.5	6.25	1140.63	100.0
劳动力	Transport to the fields	EUR/hour	30.0	6.25	187.5	100.0
设备	Maintanance of machines	EUR/hour	8.0	6.25	50.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					1378.13

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most important. It is followed by livestock herd. However, herd costs are covered with milk production.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	夏季	增加	好
季节性温度	秋季	增加	好
季雨量	夏季	减少	未知

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	未知
局地雷暴	未知
局地雹灾	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	好
寒潮	未知
极端冬季条件	未知
干旱	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Traditional method.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Strengths: Mitigates drought. Use of mineral fertilisers is decreased. If fields are fertilised with organic livestock manure, the impact of spring drought on plant growth is minimal.
Opportunities: Livestock manure is a basic fertiliser for vegetable production. Customers are asking farmer what he is using for fertilisation. They trust more to the product if it is fertilised with organic manure produced at the farm.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Strengths: increased levels of organic content.
Slow release of nutrients.
Better water holding capacity, especially in early spring.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Weakness: Costs of labour	They are investing in to mechanisation of the process.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Weaknesses: More labour work.	Investing in machines with larger capacity
Risk: uncontroled release of nutrients into groundwater	They have to put lower quantity of more manure at one spreading. If they have vegetable production they can add two or three times in a year.

7.1 信息的方法/来源