1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CARITAS (Switzerland) - 瑞士

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

17/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A water wheel that powers a pump that provides water to an orchard further upslope.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

After the end of the Soviet era the mass irrigation system fell into disrepair, and many of the orchard areas subsequently suffered from dehydration and production levels declined. The case study plot is situated on a steep slope of 50° with stone/sand soils with high filtration rates.

As the irrigation systems no longer worked, the orchard in the Penjikent area lost much productivity and became very dry. As the quality of the soil is very poor the trees need much irrigation. The farmer often resorted to using a bucket to irrigate the orchards.

The land user developed a water powered pump using the flow from the existing river to pump water along a plastic pipe to the orchards. The pump can irrigate the orchard 200m above the river level. To help improve the process and regulate irrigation amount a large tank was installed in the orchard.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of the pump is to provide water 220m upslope to irrigate the orchards at minimal running costs, and not to be reliant on the often intermittent electricity supply.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The setting up the water wheel, pump, gear system, valves and piping system requires a certain level of technical knowledge. However, it is apparent that if you have a fast flowing river, water can be diverted to power a water wheel and a pump. Technical knowledge of the gearing will be required set up the ratios depending on the speed required for the water wheel.

Natural / human environment: In this area the very sandy soil, suffers from high infiltration rates and low water retention capacity. It is, therefore, unfavourable for growing any sort of water dependent crops. The water pump, albeit expensive in its initial financial expenditure does allow for irrigation of land, that would otherwise become increasingly denuded and degraded. The demise of the Soviet irrigation system means that the land users have had to invent and discover new innovative ways to irrigate the land.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• improved access to irrigation

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The land is very highly degraded, there is also limited vegetation due to the poor water supply

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The land was very highly degraded and the soil condition was very poor.

Plantation forestry: mainly orchards

Forest products and services: fuelwood, fruits and nuts, nature conservation / protection

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 220Longest growing period from month to month: March - October

牲畜密度（如相关）:

50-100 LU /km2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 节能技术

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

This technology was developed by an individual in the region.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: Irrigation system (Water was not available for reafforestation.)

Secondary causes of degradation: change in temperature, change of seasonal rainfall, droughts (lack of rainfall is the main contributor to the degradation of the land.), war and conflicts

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for land users: high (The design of the pump needs technical input.)

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration

Mulching
Material/ species: grass from the plot
Quantity/ density: 3 sm

Structural measure: water pump

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Construction of water pump	结构性的	any

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction of water pump	Persons/day	20.0	5.55	111.0	100.0
施工材料	Machine parts	for 1 pump	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
施工材料	Welding rod	for 1 pump	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
施工材料	Drilling pump	for 1 pump	1.0	1200.0	1200.0	100.0
施工材料	Gear system	for 1 pump	1.0	200.0	200.0	100.0
施工材料	Valve gates	for 1 pump	1.0	25.0	25.0	100.0
施工材料	Stone	for 1 pump	1.0	220.0	220.0	100.0
施工材料	Pipes	for 1 pump	1.0	1035.0	1035.0	100.0
施工材料	Tank	for 1 pump	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					3346.0

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Costs are based upon 2010 prices.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The initial set up costs are quite high, but the actual operating costs are minimal.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Also valles floors

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Topsoil organic matter: Soil is very degraded

Soil fertility is very low

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is very low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: The higher up the slope the deeper the water table.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

10% of the land users are rich.
40% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
20% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: Many people are interested in adopting of the technology.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 租赁

• Throgh association

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

• Throgh association

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

注释:

In the winter months, the pipe may become frozen and split. The pipe could be insulated to help prevent this happening.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1 household

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Many farmers and projects are interested in implementing the technolgy in the future.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Has improved their livelihood considerably, feel more secure.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
An increase in the production of wood, fruit and timber. How can they be sustained / enhanced? More training on tree cultivation techniques.
Decrease in the workload, previously the trees were irrigated using a bucket
The quality of the soil has increased with a reduction in crusting of the surface due to drying out.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Took some time to pay for all materials

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High initial cost.	Loans could be made available.
High level of technical knowledge required to construct and maintain.	Training could be provided to interested personnel.