1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Interactive Soil Quality assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural productivity and Environmental Resilience (EU-iSQAPER)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Agrochesmistry and Environment Department, University Miguel Hernandez (UMH) - 西班牙

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

17/10/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Application of annual green manure with Phacelia Tanacetifolia sp. to improve soil quality and productivity on agricultural land.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1. This sustainable land management technology was established on agricultural land in Mutxamel (region of Alicante) in the municipality of Valencia (Comunidad Valenciana), Spain. Agricultural production in this region is of a very high quality and is intensely competitive. Despite this, the region’s traditional agriculture industry is nonetheless being overtaken by other sectors, with the scarcity of water emerging as a key factor in this shift. The main orchards in this region are: citrus, lemon, almonds and olives trees, other common crops are vegetables, such as tomatoes, lettuce, etc.
2. The SLM technology focuses on annual cultivation of green manure in the form of the plant of Phacelia tanacetifolia. Phacelia tanacetifolia (Hydrophyllaceae) is commonly known as Lacy or Tancy Phacelia (syn. Purple Tancy, Fiddleneck and Valley Velvenia). Native to Californian drylands, chaparral and Central oak woodland, P. tanacetifolia has been naturalised throughout the western United States and frequently in Europe, whereas it has been extensively used as a nectar crop up and as annual green manure worldwide. Phacelia is listed as one of the top 20 honey-producing flowers for honeybees and is very rich in both nectar and pollen the lavender-coloured flowers attract bees, butterflies and other pollinating insects.
3. Initially, the main objective of the land user applying the technology was to improve the soil quality and the crop production in the vegetable fields (cabbages, tomatoes, lettuce, chards, spinach) by cultivating the Phacelia plant as an annual green manure. In other words, the maintenance of a specific cover crop such as Phacelia tanacetifolia grown in the orchard is intended to add organic matter, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous and other nutrients coming from the decomposed manuring plant after it is worked into the soil.
4. The land user prepares the soil during September or October by ploughing the surface of soil and then sowing the Phacelia tanacetifolia seed thinly at a rate of 1 gram per square meter and within 25 cm per plant. In the examined case, the land user installed a drip irrigation system to irrigate every two to three days in autumn or every three to four days in winter. During winter time it is recommended to remove manually spontaneous plants. Before seed formation (February or March) the land user cuts the plant and then he is tilling and digging the cover crop gently into the soil, in order to incorporate all the nutrients of this green manure into the soil. It is crucial to cut the plant before seed formation; otherwise the nutrient capacity to the soil is reduced.
5. The major benefit of the intercrop of Phacelia tanacetifolia is the short term enhancement of the soil organic content. It keeps the soil more fertile during one year and therefore it has to be cultivated every year. In consequence also an improvement of the orchard productivity has been determined. Other substantial benefits are the stronger N fixation, the decrease in weeds, and the improved water-holding capacity; further to be mentioned, the better soil aggregation, as green manure crops help to improve the soil structure over time, and by this the aeration increases, and water infiltration and root growth are enhanced. Finally, the improved soil cover helps to control the risk of soil erosion.
6. One major disadvantage is the fact that Phacelia is not polyvalent. It is only an annual green manure plant, but unfortunately not also a marketable crop that could create monetary benefits in addition. Other disadvantages mentioned by the land user are the relative high establishment expenses, as for example for the irrigation equipment and as well the maintenance costs.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2014

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The land user consulted several online sites about different green manure types.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grapevine orchard for wine production

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

注释:

1 hour of irrigation during the week in summer period, 2-3 days per week in autumn and spring season and 1 day per week during winter.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

March

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Species used: Phacelia tanacetifolia
Family: Hydrophyllaceae
Common name: Lacy Phacelia, Wildlife, Set-aside, Cover Crop or Green Manure
Origin: North America
Height of plant: 60-90cm
Spacing between plants: 25cm
Sowing period: September-October
Growing period: Winter
Flowering period: February-March
Flower: Lavender-Mauve-Blue
Other specifications: Perfect honey-producing flowers

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

euro

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

0.85

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	tractor	piece	1.0	3300.0	3300.0	100.0
设备	manual sowing machine	piece	1.0	200.0	200.0	100.0
设备	drop irrigation pipe	piece	4.0	18.0	72.0	100.0
设备	weed whacker	piece	1.0	14.0	14.0	100.0
设备	draw hoe	piece	1.0	30.0	30.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					3616.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Tillage	农业学的	before plant green manure
2.	Planting	农业学的	September - October
3.	Irrigation	农业学的	after planting the green manure
4.	remove weeds	农业学的	during the whole process
5.	cut the Phacelia	农业学的	before seed formation (march)
6.	mix the green manure with soil	农业学的	march

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	planting	person-hour	6.0	10.0	60.0	100.0
劳动力	remove weeds	person-hour	24.0	10.0	240.0	100.0
劳动力	cutting plants	person-hour	8.0	10.0	80.0	100.0
劳动力	tillage and mix the plants into soil	person-hour	8.0	10.0	80.0	100.0
植物材料	seed of Phacelia tanacetifolia	bag	20.0	13.0	260.0	100.0
其它	Drop irrigation installation	person-hour	6.0	10.0	60.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					780.0

注释:

The cost for the equipment to execute the recurent activities are listed under the establishment costs.
All the work is carried out by the land user and her family.
Each bag of Phacelia contains 100 gr approximately.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The cost to establish and maintain this technology is relatively high but it is compensated with the monetary gains of her other productive orchard land.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

the orchard is flat and 77 m.a.l.s.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

pH 8.1; N: 2.7 g/kg, electrical conductivity 2630 µS/cm, available P 7.3%

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

high salt content

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁

用水权:

• 租赁

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

收入和成本

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
季雨量	秋季	增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	适度

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
山洪暴发	适度

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The land user had problems to cope with the money input to establish the SLM technology at the beginning of the process, but in long-term it will be better.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

The land user did not receive any funding to establish the technology.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Enhacement of soil organic matter
Increase in honey bees colony during the flowering time, before plant cutting in seed formation period.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Reduction of soil degradation
Imporve the soil structure

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The high dependency on climatological conditions	Pay special attention on soil structure
The lack of funding to establish the technology	The land user must to pay all the material with the income of other crop production

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The big amount money for this technology during a year without any crop production to sale.	The land user needs another productivity orchard during this period to cope with the green manure expenses.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

no

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Web page of the organic farm

URL:

https://verduresecologiques.com/

标题/说明:

Biodynamic farming information

URL:

https://warmonderhof.nl/