1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

23/01/2018

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A fish pond for intensive commercial fish farming is constructed in the backyard of the farmer's home for easy management. The pond is lined with a tarpaulin interior and is connected to a water source for water supply during the seasons of water scarcitiy.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The backyard fish pond farming system is a simple commercial fish farming system established close to the farmers’ home stead. It is planned to ease management of rearing the fish and to minimize maintenance costs. The system is also designed to harvest rain water and overflow which eases filling and emptying of the pond with water. The walls of the ponds are lined with tarpaulin and the banks are strengthened with timber or brick work to prevent breaking of the walls. The three ponds in Bushenyi-Kigoma are located on a gentle slope and designed with a trench that feeds them with rain water from the rain harvest reservoir up slope. They were constructed in 2013 and are located a meter away from a live fence enclosing the farmer’s house. This makes it easy for the farmer to access, monitor and manage the fish ponds.

The establishment process for each pond is simple and may not require technical skills to set up the system. The activities involved include:

i.Excavation of the pond, which is best done during the dry season to avoid interruption by runoff.
ii.Strengthening of banks using timber and nails (some farmers use brinks, cement and sand)
iii.Lining of the water proof tarpaulin on the interior of the pond.
iv.Construction of a water channel from the water reservoir to the pond and fixing of overflow pipes at the deeper end of the ponds.
v.Filling the pond with water and applying animal dug to fertilize the ponds. This creates a favorable environment for growth of microorganisms and algae on which fish can feed.
vi.The fish fingerlings are introduced into the pond two weeks after fertilization with animal dug.

The maintenance activities include; cleaning of ponds from contamination of objects, changing of the pond water on a monthly basis to avoid contamination that may lead to infestation and application of organic fertilizers.

Establishment requires a hoe, panga, dibber, spade, wheel barrow, hammer and the trowel. The inputs include; timber, tarpaulin, cement, garters bricks, sand, nails, plastic pipe, water, animal dung, fish pellets and fish fingerlings. These where used to construct a pond 5 m × 4 m × 3 m i.e length × width × depth respectively, with a maximum carrying capacity of 500 cat fish.
The costs of setting up the system are relatively affordable to the average local people according to the farmer. The key determinants are hiring labor to excavate the ponds, construction of a water channel and stocking fish fingerlings which are all locally available. The maintenance activities involve daily feeding of fish, cleaning in case of contamination, changing the pond water every 3 months and harvesting of fish at 7 months of age. The farmer spends USD $ 164.65 on establishment of the pond system including, exaction costs, equipment, materials and stocking fingerlings (USD $ 0.033 each). The farmer spends USD$ 21.99 on premixed feeds before harvesting the fish after seven months. The cat fish are harvested with 3-5 kg liveweight after 7 months and sold at USD$ 2.75 to wholesale buyers from Kasese District.

The intensive fish farming system is designed to demand minimal labor for feeding the fish, cleaning the pond, replacing water and harvesting fish. The system is also adapted to water scarcity in the dry season since it is connected to a rain water harvest system; regular changing of pond water improves visibility, removes algae, replenishes oxygen and minimizes possible infections in the pond.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2016

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Intensive back yard fish farming.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

• Beauty

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

The farmer harvests roof top water and channels it into the ponds during times of water scarcity

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

March - May & Sept - Nov

牲畜密度（如相关）:

500 fish per 5m×4m×3m in length, width and depth respectively

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 养蜂、养殖业、家禽业、养兔业、养蚕业等
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The intensive method utilizes small space for high quantity fish production and therefore reduces the conversion of large pieces of land to fish farming

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

The design promotes intensive methods to utilize small space for high quantity fish production and therefore reduces the conversion of large pieces of land to fish farming.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The water ponds are constructed with 5m × 4m × 3 m i.e length × width × depth. The ponds are on a gentle slope a meter away from a live fence. The ponds are lined with a water proof tarpaulin. The banks are strengthened with wood fixed together with nails.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Ugandan shilling

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3650.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Excavation	结构性的	In the dry season
2.	Fixing of tarpaulin and timber on the banks	结构性的	After excavation
3.	Filling pond with water and fertilizing with animal dug	管理	After fixing walls
4.	Stocking the pond	其它措施	2 days after filling pond with water and fertilization
5.	Connecting a water channel from the water reservoir with a pvc pipe at end the end leading to the pond	结构性的	After excavation.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction labour	man day	5.0	50000.0	250000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe hire	per day	500.0	5.0	2500.0	100.0
设备	Panga hire	per day	500.0	5.0	2500.0	100.0
设备	Spade hire	per day	500.0	5.0	2500.0	100.0
设备	Hammer hire	per day	500.0	5.0	2500.0	100.0
设备	Wheel barrow hire	per day	500.0	5.0	2500.0	100.0
设备	Metallic tray	per day	500.0	5.0	2500.0	100.0
植物材料	Fish fingerlings	pieces	500.0	500.0	250000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Animal Dung	kg	50.0	120.0	6000.0	100.0
施工材料	Tarpaulin	pieces	1.0	45000.0	45000.0	100.0
施工材料	Timber	pieces	8.0	3000.0	24000.0	100.0
施工材料	Nails	Kg	0.5	8000.0	4000.0	100.0
施工材料	Hose Pipe	Pieces	2.0	5000.0	10000.0	100.0
其它	Water	Liters	500.0	10.0	5000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					609000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Feeding	管理	Once daily
2.	Cleaning	管理	Once a week
3.	Changing the water	管理	Every three months
4.	Harvesting	管理	Every 7months

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cleaning	man day	1.0	5000.0	5000.0	100.0
劳动力	Feeding	man day	1.0	600000.0	600000.0	100.0
劳动力	Replacement of water	man day	1.0	100000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Harvesting	manday	2.0	5000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Slasher	piece	2.0	8000.0	16000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	piece	2.0	15000.0	30000.0	100.0
设备	Bucket	piece	2.0	6000.0	12000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Cow dug	tones	1.0	250000.0	250000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					1023000.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Excavation of ponds and stocking of fish fingerlings. Excavation is done once at the start of the project. The labour required for operation and maintenance is minimal compared to conventional fish farming methods.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

Cat fish doesn't thrive well in saline waters, the longer the water stays in the pond the more salts it accumulates due to waste from fish and feeds being used hence need for replacement every three months.

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The project belongs to a household of 5 children and parents in their 45-50 years

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	非常好

注释:

During the dry season, the water harvested from the roof top is used to replenish the water in the ponds

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 50-90%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 劳动力可用性（例如，由于迁移）

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The system is designed to harvest water on roof tops and deliver it in the fishponds, Some of the harvested water is reserved for replenishing of water in the ponds during times of scarcity

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Easy management since most of the tedious work is at establishment
Easy to harvest the fish since many fish are keep in a small pond/tarpaulin

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
There is rady market for the fish
Rain Water harvesting reduces impacts of climate change on the fish production especially in the dry season/times of scarcity
Source of proteins for the public that buy the fish for sauce

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
At times of extreme dry season, the farmer may face challenges of water scarcity	Establishment of big enough water reservoirs

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Due to high stock ratio, the fish are prone to diseases/parasites in case of any break out	Reduction in the stocking rate, the farmer should farther maintain the hygiene and precaution in management

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Rear fish in your backyard with harvested rainwater

URL:

http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Farming/Rear-fish-backyard-harvested-rainwater/689860-2997914-vacgkk/index.html