1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

17/10/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The trenches constructed in these regions address the problem of soil conservation to act as flow barrier (restricting the flow velocity within the safe limit from soil erosion point of view) and facilitate water conservation.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A contour trench and pit are an excavated ditch/pit along a uniform level across the slope of land in the top portion of catchment to trap runoff water.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Water harvesting is the deliberate collection and storage of water that runs off on natural or manmade catchment areas. Catchment includes rooftops, compounds, rocky surface or hill slopes or artificially prepared impervious/ semi-pervious land surface. The amount of water harvested depends on the frequency and intensity of rainfall, catchment characteristics, water demands and how much runoff occurs. Contour trenches and pits are one of the oldest and most commonly used water management systems in the hilly areas of Mbale district. Contour trenches and pits are ditches dug along a hillside and run perpendicular to the flow of water. Their main objective is to slow down and attract runoff water which infiltrates into the soil which is used as soil moisture for crop cultivated after a rainfall event.These trenches and pits are constructed and maintained during the dry season. The size of the trenches is based on the slope and soil type. Bulabuli subcounty in Mbale district being a hilly area has trenches which are 5 metres long and 1 metre in width and depth. The materials needed in the construction of the trenches and pits are a hoe and spade. For maintenance they should be checked for build up soil, leaves and branches before the rainy season.The major advantages of rainwater harvesting are that it is simple, cheap, replicable, efficient, sustainable and adaptable and can be applied on any soil type and terrain. It can be implemented in small-scale, easily maintained and requires low investements which suites the rural community in Mbale district. Rainwater harvesting also has been shown an advantage as it reduces soil erosion, improves soil fertility and increases agricultural productivity as it reduces damage on the crops hence increases income and improves livelihood.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

1989

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

Water is trapped from the streams flowing from the hills which is diverted into the farmlands

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Two rainy seasons between March to May and June to August or October

牲畜密度（如相关）:

Cows and goats

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 100-1,000 平方千米

注释:

Most of the farmers in Wanale sub county constructed the trenches and pits as a way to combat soil erosion since the area is hilly

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

The technology reduced further land degradation by controlled run off water hence soil and water conservation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Trenches of 5metres long and one metre in width and depth while the pits are 4metres deep and 5metres in diameter. The materials needed in the construction of the trenches and pits are a hoe and spade. Contour trenches are dug along a hillside and run perpendicular to the flow of water.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Ugandan Shilling

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3600.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Plan according to the topography of the area	结构性的	Before the on set of rains
2.	Purchase the materials need	结构性的	Before the on set of rains
3.	Measure and indicate	结构性的	Before the on set of rains
4.	Construction of the Trenches and pits	结构性的	Before the on set of rains

注释:

The establishment activities are done during the dry season.

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Man Power	Trenches	58.0	4000.0	232000.0
设备	Handhoe	piece	3.0	10000.0	30000.0
设备	Spade	piece	3.0	15000.0	45000.0
技术建立所需总成本					307000.0

注释:

The land user bore all the costs since it was self innovative.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Excavation of soil and other sediments from the trenches	管理	Annually before on set of rains

注释:

Once the trenches and pits are constructed, the land user is only left with digging out the soil that has build up in the trenches.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	Trenches	58.0	1500.0	87000.0
设备	Handhoe	pieces	2.0	10000.0	20000.0
设备	Spade	Pieces	2.0	15000.0	30000.0
技术维护所需总成本					137000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The land user bore all the costs

注释:

The maintenance costs are lower since less labour is need to maintain the structures. The land user doesn't have to buy the equipments again since they had been purchased at the beginning during the construction of the trenches.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Wanale hills is standing at the height of 6,864 ft

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

There' s soil erosion in the hilly areas of Wanale which pollutes the water sources in low land areas

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

There's high adaptation of contour trenches in the area

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Most of the land is arable land and less occupied with natural forests

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land user is highly educated (University Level)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

Contour trenches are mainly dug to control soil erosion which slow down and trap run off water which infiltrates into the soil.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	非常好
年降雨量		减少	非常好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	非常好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	非常好
滑坡	非常好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
延长生长期	非常好
缩短生长期	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The trenches maintained after two rainy seasons and readily available cheap labour hence low maintenance cost.

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Landowners have knowledge about the advantages of trenches and there’s readily cheap labour. Availability of Farmer groups in the area hence collective knowledge sharing.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Reduces soil erosion
Improves agricultural productivity through infiltration of the water collected in the trenches and pits
water can be used for irrigation and spraying after rains

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Prevents pollutants from draining into the low land water bodies
Reduces salinity of ground water

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Trenches silt up and need regular maintenance	Regular maintenance
Accidents may occur through drawning	Controlled movement of children
The trenches and pits are habitats for mosquitoes

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Increases land fragmentation since these trenches divide the land into small pieces of land

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Importance of Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT) in Maharashtra by Nitin Bajirao Borse M.V.P.Samaj’s (2016) Arts, Science and Commerce College, Ozar (MIG) Affiliated to SP Pune University

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308666186_Importance_of_Continuous_Contour_Trenches_CCT_in_Maharashtra

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Soil and water conservation Trenches

URL:

https://ecoursesonline.icar.gov.in/mod/page/view.php?id=2197

标题/说明:

Infiltration Trenches (water Absorption Trenches)

URL:

http://www.catchmentguidelines.org.mw/en/technical-guidelines/water-harvesting-and-storage/infiltration/infiltration-trenches-water-absorption-trenches

标题/说明:

Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour trenches

URL:

http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Water_Portal_/_Rainwater_Harvesting_/_Groundwater_recharge_/_Contour_trenches