1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: Water Harvesting – Guidelines to Good Practice (Water Harvesting)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CARITAS (Switzerland) - 瑞士

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership (CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

27/04/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The roof top rain water harvesting system using a concrete tank was designed to improve household access to water for irrigation of kitchen garden plots during the hot and dry summer months.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A 16 cubic metre concrete tank situated in the shadow of the house constructed to retain rainwater that collects in the roof guttering.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of the tank is to retain water to be used for drinking, sanitation and irrigation during the hot and dry summer months. The retained water allows for the irrigation of kitchen garden plots and more diverse crops, and hence should improve the livelihoods of households involved.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: There are three main elements to the construction of the rainwater harvesting system. The first is the construction of a metal gutter on wooden supports around the perimeter of the roof; second, the construction of a concrete pool in the shadow of the house; and finally the provision of a connection pipe between the gutter and the pool. The pool needs to be cleaned periodically to prevent contamination and build up of algae around the edge the pool.

Natural / human environment: During the Soviet period the water supply for the village was supplied through a concrete storage tank located at the foot of the hills above the village. After the collapse of the Soviet Union the concrete tank and its associated infrastructure fell into disrepair. As a result the inhabitants were faced with water shortages, especially during the hot dry summers. In response to this issue the residents invested time, finance and resources into constructing rainwater collection systems.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The land owner built the concrete tank in 2010, however numerous other tanks have been constructed during the last 10 years.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• access to water

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The village has 600mm/yr of precipitation, but it only falls during two months of the year. The land within the village is becoming increasingly dry and thus more denuded and unsuitable for cultivation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of water at critical times of the year.

Forest products and services: fruits and nuts

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ct: Tree and shrub cropping

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: It is household garden plots that benefits from the water supply. These plots tend to be fruit trees intercropped mainly with onions, potatoes, carrots.

Constraints of settlement / urban: Use of land for concrete tank could be used to grow crops.

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Forests / woodlands: Fo: Other

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 220Longest growing period from month to month: March - November

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

A roof top rainwater harvesting system that channels water into a concrete collecting tank has been replicated in numerous houses within the village.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (The domestic plots were over used due to poor water supply.)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (This occured previously and the trees were not replaced.), other human induced causes (specify) (After the collapse of the Soviet Union the concrete tank and it's associated infrastructure fell into disrepair.), change of seasonal rainfall (Less rainfall at critical times impacted on cultivation activity.), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Lack of vegetation results in higher losses of soil erosion during heavy rainfall events.), droughts (Longer dry periods in the summer months.), population pressure (The population and number of houses in the village is increasing.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The drawing shows the metal guttering (0.15m) wide around the perimeter of the roof top. The guttering collects the rainwater run off from the roof, and through a plastic pipe made of old plastic bottles stitched together by thin wire it drains into a concrete tank. In this example the tank is 4m long, 2 wide and 2 metres deep and is located within the shadow of the house to reduce evaporation rates. In this example the tank is located on a slope and is partially buried on the upslope. The tank is covered for safety reasons and to prevent external contamination.

Location: Boshkengash.. Rudaki, Tajikistan

Date: 20011-05-06

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Some technical knowledge is required or else the structure will collapse.)

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply

Dam/ pan/ pond
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 2
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 4

Specification of dams/ pans/ ponds: Capacity 16m3

Catchment area: 20 m sqm2

Beneficial area: 0.2 h.am2

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Material: Other

Slope of dam wall inside: 0%;
Slope of dam wall outside: 0%

Dimensions of spillways: 0m

Other specifications: tank size 2*2*4m

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:0.5

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Somoni

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	construction of concrete tank and guttering	结构性的	spring
2.	None		None

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction of concrete tank and guttering	Persons/day	20.0	22.5	450.0	100.0
设备	Tools	pieces	6.0	11.1666666	67.0	100.0
施工材料	Concrete sand, stone	tons	2.0	337.5	675.0	100.0
施工材料	Metal guttering	tons	0.5	900.0	450.0	100.0
施工材料	Wood	tons	0.5	240.0	120.0	100.0
施工材料	Plastic pipes	pieces	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1772.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Cleaning	结构性的	annually

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cleaning	Person/day	1.0	25.0	25.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					25.0

注释:

The costs were calculated based on 2010 prices per tank.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour, tools and piping can be provided by the land user and stone for the foundation is locally available, however, there is an initial outlay of $300 for the cement, wood and metal guttering. In this example the money for the initial outlay was collected by family members working in Russia and from local salaries.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone = 800m

Slopes on average: The village is located on a flat plain at the foothill of a slope.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: Loess soils.

Soil fertility has a potential to be high when cultivated under good conditions.

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium but can be reduced under dry conditions. i.e crusts.

Soil water storage capacity is low-medium since loess material does contain some clay soils.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water is good during spring rains and poor/none in the summer months.

Water quality (untreated) is good drinking water during winter and spring (snow and rainfall), but poor during summer.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Mixture of vegetables and orchards being grown.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

15% of the land users are rich.
70% of the land users are average wealthy (for the land user used for this example).
15% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: The residents do not have a significant income from their garden plots.

Market orientation of production system: The water is for personal use.

Level of mechanization: All work is done by hand.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

注释:

In regards to the water in the tank, household plots are allocated by the local government. All land is owned by the state.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

注释:

In times of heavy rainfall and prolonged summer drought the size of the tank could be increased.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

If it is constructed to a reasonable standard then it will not need any significant maintenance.

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

900 household (70 percent of the area covered)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

Comments on spontaneous adoption: The urban roof top rainwater harvesting has been replicated by many members of the community without external support.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: People observed, and experienced the benefits, and decided that it was worth the initial investment.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Improved the standard of living, and the increased access to water allowed the households to have more automony over what that grow and eat.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Improves the provision of irrigated water for the hot dry summer periods. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Further dissemination to other households.
Allowed for the improvement and expansion of kitchen gardens. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Training on keeping a kitchen garden.
Improved the quality and quantity of fruit yields
Improved the access of water for sanitation and drinking water purposes How can they be sustained / enhanced? Education on sanitation methods.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The perception was that the water was not clean in the concrete pool.	However, it was tested and proved to be safe to use. This provided reassurance to the household members. It would be a major benefit if the water tank remains covered and is cleaned periodically.
The initial outlay may be considered expensive for some families.	Many families have adopted this, possibly if many were built at once the material costs would be reduced. The technology could be tied in with micro finance activities.