1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

24/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Integrated crop-livestock production for improved soil fertility management. Local cows are tied to trees to facilitate manure collection.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Controlled livestock grazing is a common practice promoted by farmers in Northern Uganda, who own up to 4-6 cows raised on two or more acres of land. Although the primary purpose is to produce milk for domestic consumption and for sale, the other subsidiary aim is to generate manure to replenish soil fertility on continuously cultivated and nutrient depleted land and pasture that the cows graze on. During the rainy season crops are planted and animals fed by cut and carry or pegged/ tied with a radius of 2-5 meters. During dry season the animals can graze on crop residues
For this technology, cattle are tethered/ tied on a pole (pegged) or tree using a sisal rope. Tethering distance should allow each cow to access pasture uninterrupted by others. The animals are rotated/ relocated routinely to minimise overgrazing in a given location. The manure produced is collected daily, and kept in heaps to compost for periods of 2 to 3 weeks, before being ferried to the fields for application for the cultivation of maize and other crops like soya bean . This technology requires possession of sufficient land for grazing the animals, as well as sufficient labour for handling manure through composting up to field application. The key inputs required for establishing this technology include labour, hand hoes, spades, sisal ropes, basins, sacks and basket for collecting manure and its transportation to the maize field, watering containers , spraying pumps for spraying animals against ticks and feeds to supplement the grazing during shortage of pasture.
The benefits derived from such a technology are both short and long term, including access to increased manure to apply on crop fields especially maize for increased production
To replicate this technology, the land user needs to have knowledge and skills on how to manage the animals to generate high quality manure, compost it and maintain it free of contamination with pesticides sprayed on the animals against pests and diseases, which may affect the quality of the manure and the safety of the users.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2012

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Started on his own with only 2 cows and later National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) supported him with training on management (rotating, feeding and animal manure application in the garden).

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Forest/ woodland: Selective felling.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Normally two rain seasons March to May and September to December

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

per year. In Feb- March and Nov -December

牲畜密度（如相关）:

Sarted with 2 and now has 16 cows and 7 goats. He bought some and others were given to him by friends

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Manure collected is used on maize crop to increase maize production.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Decomposed manure when applied on the maize field increases production.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing only contains 4 -6 local cows that are tied on trees for manure provision and milk for sale. The recommendations to establish the technology are as follows: on a gentle sloping land of 2 acres of land or more measuring 50m wide and 100m Long with 4-6 cows the land user ties each cow on its own tree in a distance of 5-10 metres that allows access to grass and keep rotating the cows from one location to the other once grass reduces. The manure produced is collected on a daily basis, heaped and kept for a period of 2 to 3 weeks after which is carried using a sack, a basin or a basket to the maize plantation. Manure collected is and applied to the maize garden and spread at a thickness of approximately 1/2 inch.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3445.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Buy local cows/ varieties for keeping	农业学的	Once before stocking / dry season
2.	Look for inputs , labour, sack, basins and ropes	农业学的	Before stocking
3.	Tie the cows on a tree using a sisal rope	其它措施	During establishment
4.	Plant the crop to provide crop residues	农业学的	During the wet season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Planting	persons	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	100.0
劳动力	Tieing, feeding and grazing cows	persons	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	pieces	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	1000.0
设备	Spade	peices	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	1000.0
设备	Spraying pump	pieces	1.0	250000.0	250000.0	100.0
设备	Watering trays	pieces	6.0	100000.0	600000.0	100.0
植物材料	Maize seed	Kgs	10.0	2500.0	25000.0	100.0
其它	Local cows	cow	6.0	700000.0	4200000.0
其它	Buckets	pieces	1.0	3500.0	3500.0	100.0
其它	Sack	pieces	2.0	1000.0	2000.0	100.0
其它	Feeds	Kgs	100.0	4000.0	400000.0	100.0
其它	Crop residues (not bought)
技术建立所需总成本					6100500.0

注释:

Money used is got from sale of milk and also obtained a loan of 2,000,000 from a savings group.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Watering the cow	管理	Daily during the dry season
2.	Tieing and feeding the cow	管理	Daily
3.	Spraying the cows against ticks	管理	Weekly
4.	Heaping and carrying manure to the garden	农业学的	Everyday/ after 2 weeks
5.	Applying manure in the soil	农业学的	Before planting season
6.	Relocating the cows	管理	Every after 2 days
7.	Cutting and carrying pasture	管理	After harvest

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour paid on monthly basis	Persons	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	100.0
设备	Replacement worn our equipment	pieces	3.0	20000.0	60000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Pestcide	litres	10.0	15000.0	150000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					510000.0

注释:

The land use employs 2 people on monthly basis watering, tieing , feeding, spraying, relocating carrying manure and cutting and carrying pasture. No equipment bought in short run since most of the equipment is bought at establishment. Only if there is need for replacement.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour takes the most costs since the tasks re routine compared to the cost of equipment which is bought and replaced after its worn out.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

Presence of borehole

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The bore hole is seasonal - shortage of water during the dry season.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land user plans to buy exotic cows for zero grazing to provide more animal manure and milk for sale

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	旱季	增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

More benefits after establishments.
High costs during establishment.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Yield potential is high with good feeding of the cows , right spacing and manure application in maize garden.
The technology can easily be replicated by small scale and large scale land users to other areas.
Uses sisal ropes which are cheap.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Minimizes conflicts when cows are tied in one area.
Good at providing income and manure for soil fertility improvement.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Requires constant labour.	Use family labour to supplement hired labour.
Requires technical knowledge on management, spacing and treatment.	Seek technical advice from the extension worker.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Easily affected by pests and diseases.	Apply pesticides / seek technical advice from the extension worker.

7.1 信息的方法/来源