1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Action Contre La Faim (ACF) - 阿富汗

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Keyhole garden farming offers farmers the opportunity to increase production while decreasing garden area.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The Keyhole garden technology is documented by Sustainable Land Management Project/HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation with financial support of Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and close support and cooperation of the Action Against Hunger International (ACF).
Keyhole gardens were introduced to the Laal_wa_Sarjangal community members to offer them the opportunity to produce vegetables in a small garden area. Keyhole gardens are raised beds that hold moisture and nutrients due to an active compost pile placed in the center of a round bed.

Purpose of the Technology: Keyhole gardens provide opportunities for poor, landless people to grow vegetables and improve their diets. Keyhole gardens are well-suited to places with limited arable land and to fine-textured, clayey soils which do not dry quickly. Keyhole gardens drain and warm up earlier in the spring, which allows planting of cool season vegetable on recommended planting dates. During heavy rain, water is absorbed without erosion. Thus, this technology helps the farmers access year round vegetable production.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Keyhole gardens are constructed in several steps by layering animal manure and soil, which contributes to soil fertility and drainage. A base layer, that prevents water loss, is made from plastic and carton in the bottom part of the keyhole garden. Then a central watering point is chosen that allows water to disburse into the keyhole garden layers. Leveling the surface of the keyhole garden ensures that all seeds/plants have access to the same amount of water, and helps ensure even germination.
The average size of the keyhole gardens is approximately two square meters. Construction is simple and cheap and can be easily implemented and replicated. The technology is very cost effective as local materials are used. Once they are built, keyhole gardens are easy to prepare for planting and to maintain throughout the growing season. Root crops grow longer and straighter in medium- to coarse-textured soils. Keyhole gardens are well suited to a wide range of intensive gardening techniques such as row covers, trickle irrigation, inter-cropping, successive plantings, compact varieties and mixtures of food and ornamental plantings. Keyhole gardens are usually close to home and are safe from animals, flood, avalanche and etc.

Natural / human environment: Laal_Wa_Sarjangal is one of the central districts of Ghor. It is mountainous and has a very cold dry climate (almost a five-month long winter). Livelihoods in the area are based on a mixture of rain-fed and irrigated agricultural production and animal husbandry. Market access is limited during the winter months when excessive snowfall blocks transportation routes.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Lack of cultivable and fertile land, Scarcity of water, Sloppy and degraded land are the major land use problems.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack and scarcity of cultivable land.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

Constraints of wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps: Lack of seedlings/seeds

Number of growing seasons per year: 1

Longest growing period from month to month: One season

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 家庭花园

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Specification of other vegetative measures: Planatation of vegetables for household consumption

Specification of other structural measures: keyhole garden

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, population pressure

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Construction of the Keyhole garden with local available materials (plastic sheet, rope and water-cane)
2.	Plantation in the keyhole garden under ACF's supervision

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Construction of the Keyhole garden (seeds)	persons/day/unit	1.0	6.0	6.0	30.0
劳动力	Plantation in the keyhole garden	unit	1.0	2.0	2.0	20.0
设备	Water-cane	pieces	1.0	2.0	2.0	30.0
施工材料	Plastic sheet	meter	2.0	1.25	2.5	30.0
施工材料	Rope	meter	2.0	0.75	1.5	30.0
技术建立所需总成本					14.0
技术建立总成本，美元					14.0

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Plantation in the keyhole garden

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Plantation in the keyhole garden (seeds)	unit	1.0	2.0	2.0	40.0
技术维护所需总成本					2.0
技术维护总成本，美元					2.0

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The technology is low cost and can be accomplished by using local available materials

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly disadvantaged land users

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• individual

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

means subject to community-agreed management rules.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

注释:

Construction of the technology in the protected and safe areas.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

1 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Many other land user families have implemented the technology with out any external material support, unfortunately information regarding the exact number of the families is not available.

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The technology, provided vegetables to the community all year round and even in an extremely cold weather.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Productive, can get high yields from a relatively small surface area, can extend the cultivation time if protected from frost and covered by plastic.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Low cost, easy to replicate, requires little labor at the stage of establishment and can be done by beneficiary and requires little maintenance. How can they be sustained / enhanced? People can use local available materials
Locally adaptable, doesn’t require productive land, the soil for cultivation could be easily prepared and managed, doesn’t require chemical fertilizers. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Technical support and training can be provided for the community members to change the land in to a productive land with out using any chemical fertilizer.
Can be managed by females in the household, less chance for vegetables contamination. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Women should be encouraged and given technical assistance.
Requires little water for irrigation. How can they be sustained / enhanced? The keyhole garden could be irrigated by kitchen waste water.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Unavailability of seed	Can be solved through resourcing good quality seed from seed preservation. Start farming under plastic early in the spring to have enough time for seeds preservation.

7.1 信息的方法/来源