1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Fruit trees of Mangoes (Mangifera indica) and Oranges (Citrus sinensis) are grown on degraded land to improve soil fertility through deep soil nutrient mining and litter of leaves.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Fruit tree growing, with focus on mangoes and oranges, is a rewarding investment promoted by farmers in Northern Uganda with the aim of increasing fruit production for home consumption and income, and restoration of degraded land. On a farm located on a steep slope and measuring 40m x 100m (i.e. 1 acre), the land user select and plant disease tolerant, high yielding and marketable orange varieties (e.g. Valencia and Anlin) and mango varieties (Apple and Tommy) using spades, hoes, and pangas to excavate and dig up planting holes, 30 cm deep, with fruit trees planted at a spacing of 10 m ×10 m, during the rainy season; with 7 Cows, 5 goats and 4 sheep kept animal manure provision to apply on the technology using hired labour and supported by family labour. After establishment, the farmer keeps on observing the changes over time to see what is taking place with regard to vegetation growth, performance of fruit trees and how the visible soil properties are changing e.g. the colour showing a black sign of organic matter built up and soil health improvement.
Oranges and mangoes are susceptible to pests and diseases, which require money to buy pesticides and paying, as well as for hired labour for spraying. The farmer needs to be aware of these associated costs, which are rather high after establishment. Efforts by the farmer to integrate trenches within the degraded field is an additional option for the farmer to help enhance soil and water conservation by reducing water runoff. This is labour and capital intensive but beneficial in the short and long run.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

It was supported by the extension worker with advisory services on how to plant and space.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 改良植物品种/动物品种

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

S11: Trenshes.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3400.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Site selection/ degraded area	Once before planting / during dry season
2.	Look for required labour and in puts	Once before planting /during dry season
3.	Select nutrient fixing, high yiedling and marketable varieties	Once before planting / during dry season
4.	Transport the varieties to the field	On set of rains
5.	Diging the holes	On set of rains
6.	Planting using labour	During rainy season
7.	Watering in case of drought.	During the dry season

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	persons days / monthly basis	Persons	5.0	150000.0	750000.0	1000.0
设备	Hoe	Pieces	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Pangas	Pieces	3.0	7000.0	21000.0	100.0
设备	watering can	Pieces	2.0	5000.0	10000.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	kgs	1000.0	2500.0	2500000.0	100.0
其它	Transport for seedlings	Lorry	2.0	100000.0	200000.0
技术建立所需总成本					3531000.0

注释:

More costs on seedlings during establishment.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Watering	Daily, dry season
2.	Weeding	Twice a year, wet and dry season

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour for watering (monthly)	persons	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	100.0
劳动力	Labour for weeding (monthly)	persons	2.0	150000.0	300000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					600000.0

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour for planting , weeding and watering on monthly basis.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凸形情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land user is a secondary school teacher as a source of livelihood.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

注释:

Bought the land using a loan that he acquired from the bank.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Slightly Negative: More costs on labour and inputs.
Very positive: Very positive returns in improving fertility due to leaves litter.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

5

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Appropriate for both small and large scale land users.
Can be replicated and be promoted by other land users.
Cost effective: Invest in more money at the establishment and earn more benefits (restoration of degraded areas, income, soil fertility improvement, employment and fruits for home consumption and sale).

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology is appreciated by the farmer and this is a sign of ownership - sustainability.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Very laborious (planting, wedding and watering).	Use family labour.
Very expensive - buying seedlings and hire of labour.	Join savings groups that give loans at low interest rates (3%).
Benefits are realized after a long period.	The land user can look for alternative sources of income to supplement the technology. Engage in selling seedlings as a business to those who may want to start establishing this technology.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
No integration with other agroforestry trees for fodder yet as the land user has livestock.	The technology need to be integrated with agroforestry trees (callindra, Grivellea ) for fodder since the land user has livestock.

7.1 信息的方法/来源