1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The role of masonry micro-dams is to raise the level of the water table so as to supply wells and create water reserves for off-season farming activities.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A masonry micro-dam is a structure built of dressed stone pointed with cement mortar. The width of the crest is 0.75 metres. The length generally ranges from 100 to 200 metres depending on the site. The height varies between two and four metres. The dam creates a water reservoir upstream covering an area of around 5 to 15 hectares. Micro-dams are equipped with buttresses and a stilling basin. Each dam has a sluice fitted with a stoplog gate for draining away sediment during the first rains of the season and to regulate water levels. The use of stoplog gates is recommended instead of sluice gates, as the latter are more technically sophisticated and require more maintenance. Farming is carried out upstream and downstream in the rainy season and off-season.

The dam increases the amount of available surface water during the rainy season and groundwater during the off-season. This results in increasing the farmland area as well as yields and production. A second growing season is made possible. Its effect on the water table depends on the depth of the scheme’s foundations: the deeper the foundations, the greater the recharge of ground water. During the rainy season, the lands are used for rice growing. The wells used for irrigating market gardens are fed from the water table, meaning vegetables can be grown off-season. The water is also used for watering livestock, fish farming and, sometimes, domestic purposes.

Implementation steps: An information and awareness-raising workshop is organised on the IPRO-DB approach at the commune level, involving the villages affected by the project. A general meeting is held to secure the support of the whole village for the development request. The village chief and commune mayor sign off the request. The project team carries out a scoping study and socio-economic surveys. If the outcomes of the scoping study phase and socio-economic surveys are positive, the terms of reference are drawn up for working with consultancies. Consultancies are selected through tender processes to carry out the technical studies and create the invitation to tender document. The project team monitors the consultancies’ delivery of the technical studies. The village pays its financial contribution towards the project. The management committee is set up and organisational and technical training is provided to beneficiaries. Exchange visits are organised with villages that have experience in installing these schemes. The project team, village, mayor and company sign the memorandum of understanding. Stone breaking gets underway. Landowners sign the transfer deeds for the site. The invitation to tender for the building works is published and the contractor selected. The invitation to tender for works supervision is published and the supervisory consultancy selected. The building contractor and supervisory consultancy are introduced to the village and begin the building work. Local labour is employed in building the scheme. Partial acceptance of the building works (for example, foundations, wall, buttresses, stilling basin, gabion reinforcements, etc.) is granted. The project team monitors the building works. Payment for activities is made on a unit-price basis. Interim acceptance is granted. Final acceptance is granted after one year.
A management committee takes charge of opening and closing stoplog gates, organises the maintenance of the scheme and institutes additional measures to protect the scheme (gabions, stone bunds, etc.). It collects and manages maintenance fees, ensures the committee’s rules of procedure are adhered to and organises meetings of local producers. With minimum levels of maintenance, a scheme will remain functional for at least 20 years.

Around 60 masonry dams have been built or rehabilitated in the Bandiagara and Bélédougou areas.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

This type of dam has been built since the 1990s, by IPRO-DB

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林牧业

农田

• 一年一作

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: August-November

水道、水体、湿地

• 池塘、大坝

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): lack of surface water and groundwater
Livestock density: 1-10 LU /km2

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S5：大坝、集水斗、水池

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

生物性退化

• Bc：植被覆盖的减少

水质恶化

• Ha：干旱化
• Hg：地下水/含水层水位的变化

注释:

Main causes of degradation: over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

A masonry micro-dam is a structure built of dressed stone pointed with cement mortar. The width
of the crest is 0.75 metres. The length generally ranges from 100 to 200 metres depending on
the site. The height varies between two and four metres. The dam creates a water reservoir
upstream covering an area of around 5 to 15 hectares. Micro-dams are equipped with buttresses
and a stilling basin. Each dam has a sluice fitted with a stoplog gate for draining away sediment
during the first rains of the season and to regulate water levels.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: low
Main technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading

Dam/ pan/ pond
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 2-4
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 100-200

作者:

IPRO-DB

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

CFA Franc

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

517.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Each dam costs between 100 and 140 million CFA francs (195'583-273'817 Dollar). Costs are reduced as a result of the availability of local materials and the fact that local masons and contractors are well versed in this type of technology.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
10% of the land users are very poor.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

注释:

The irrigated land is allocated by the chief

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

气候灾害

水文灾害

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

IPRO-DB (2007): Fiches techniques des barrages individuels. [Data sheet on individual dams]

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

IPRO-DB: Module de formation pour la préparation des aménagements [Training module on preparing schemes] (avail-able in French and Bambara)

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

IPRO-DB: Module de formation sur l’entretien des ouvrages [Training module on scheme maintenance] (available in French and Bambara)

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

IPRO-DB: Approches du projet de l’irrigation de proximité au Pays Dogon et dans le Bélédougou [Small-scale irrigation project approaches in Dogon Country and in the Bélédougou region], (O. Fritz, Technical Assistant, GIZ, December 2011)