1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

19/09/2012

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

This technology does not pollute the environment and completely excludes the use of chemical agents in the control of undesirable plant species.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The technological process of complete mulching with specific materials (P 2013 – 0555) has a positive impact on the development, e.g. the growth intensity and the growth time of the cultivated plant species. This technology allows to grow plants without additional irrigation in rather poor habitat conditions (high temperature, insolation, etc.).

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1. This technology has been applied in arid conditions Ramsko golubačka peščara Sands (East Serbia). This semi deserts is one of three located in Serbia. As is known, all the ecosystems (agro, forest and water ecosystems) in the surrounding of sands and deserts are highly endangered by wind erosion, which causes movement and transport of the sand and damage to people, agronomy and biodiversity. This is poor area, inhabited by the Roma population - highly affected by the consequences of moving sands;
2. This process of complete mulching of land with specific polyethylene foil enables use of poor habitat conditions (high temperature, insolation and etc) tor a positive impact on the development of plants. This innovative technology provides fully use of the reserves of moisture and mineral matters in the soil, as well as intensification of the process of photosynthesis of cultivated plants, which are the main reasons for the rapid growth and exceptionally good overall condition of young plantations
3 The purpose of this technology is to increase success of the procedure and ensure the achievement of the targeted functionality of woody plants (binding and greening sands, ensuring of food and wind shelter for humans and wild animals, increasing biodiversity) in a much shorter period of time than traditional methods afforestation.
4. In relation to the works that follow the classical techniques to raise woody plants, for this patented technology is necessary to additionally provide a trained workforce for the setting up of mulch, specific material for mulching and license to use the patent. To establish this technology trained workforces are required to set up the specific materials for mulching, taking care of the plants, as well a license to use the patented technology must be acquired
5. Based on the principle “make it and leave it” this technological process enables the following conditions: no need for additional irrigation; no need for mechanical soil cultivation before afforestation; no need for additional manpower and works that are required in maintaining young forest plantations raised by classical methods of afforestation (hoeing, inter-row processing, harrowing, weeds and stump sprout removing...); in the next 3-5 years completely prevented the appearance of unwanted species of plants (weeds) without the use of chemicals; no environmental pollution; no soil erosion as well as rinsing and removal of humus on slopes; fructification of fruit tree species starting earlier, shelterbelts and snow protective belts are usable for far less time, the sands bind is faster, afforestation of degraded land and the process of rehabilitation and recultivation is shortened, production cycle of energy crops takes less time and give faster return on investment, binding of sands and stop wind erosion has a positive impact on the microclimate of whole sandy area and helps to increase the biodiversity as well as increase of yields of agricultural crop.
6. Although the cumulative amount of costs of implementing the patented technology is much lower compared to the works following the classic techniques to raise woody plants, an aggravating circumstance for the use of this technology may be the obligation to hold a license to use the patent and greater capital investment in the first year of plantation. Users especially likes fact that young plantations reaches the targeted purposes for drastically shorter time, without additional irrigation.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

This technological process exclude additional irrigation and provide enough moisture for the life of cultivated plant species without the need for irrigation young plants, relying only on the water from atmospheric precipitates.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 森林种植管理
• 防风林/防护林带
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

This is applicable model to combat desertification and sustainable management of Sands, using by the new technology of raising forest (and orchards) in arid areas, which ensure the achievement of the targeted functionality of woody plantations in a much shorter period of time than traditional methods afforestation, without additional irrigation, just relying on the existing atmospheric sediment

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

This patented technological process of complete mulching of land enables use of poor habitat conditions (high temperature, insolation and etc.) for a positive impact on the intense growth and development of cultivated species of plants and provides, even in harsh environmental conditions, successful establishment of forest and orchards plantations, planting of new forests in areas where in the past did not exist and the conversion of stands of lower quality in higher silvicultural form, all without additional irrigation.

The news is a specific and layered process laying mulch and full coverage of land with specific, impermeable to water and light, synthetic materials over large areas. In this way, planted trees provides full access to the existing reserves of moisture and nutrients in the soil and suppress weeds, without the use of herbicides and pesticides and without the need for irrigation young plants, relying only on the water from atmospheric precipitates.

After completion of the production cycles, all the material used for mulching will be collected and recycled, which confirms that new technology has a zero degree of environmental pollution.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

€ (Euro)

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Marking and measuring of places for planting	农业学的	2 workers (8hours)
2.	Digging a hole for planting (40cm x 40 cm)	农业学的	11 workers (8hours)
3.	Delivery seedlings	农业学的	4 workers (8hours)
4.	Planting seedlings	农业学的	8 workers (8hours)
5.	Placing (stacking) of mulch	其它措施	12 workers (8hours)

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	workers	person - days	37.0	35.0	1295.0
劳动力	skilled labor force	person - days	3.0	100.0	300.0
设备	Machine hours	working hours	10.0	15.0	150.0
设备	Tools	kom	10.0	10.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	kom	1300.0	1.0	1300.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Zeolite	kg	910.0	0.32	291.2
施工材料	Material for mulching	square meter	10000.0	0.22	2200.0
其它	Licence	ha	1.0	500.0	500.0
其它	Transport of seedlings	Euro	1300.0	0.01	13.0
其它	Transport of workers	Euro	37.0	0.7	25.9
技术建立所需总成本					6175.1

注释:

The amount of the costs of raising young plantations (forest and orchard) refers to a period of 5 years, as planned duration of mulch. Based on the principle “make it and leave it”, during the period of duration of mulch, this technological process enables the following conditions: NO NEED for additional irrigation - provide enough moisture for the life of cultivated plant species without the need for irrigation young plants, relying only on the water from atmospheric precipitates; NO NEED for mechanical soil cultivation before afforestation; NO NEED for additional manpower and works that are required in maintaining young forest plantations raised by classical methods of afforestation (hoeing, inter-row processing, harrowing, weeds and stump sprout removing...). In the next 5 years completely prevented the appearance of unwanted species of plants (weeds) without the use of chemicals; NO environmental pollution; NO soil erosion as well as rinsing and removal of humus on slopes.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Maintenance of mulch	其它措施	3 workers (8hours)

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	workers	person - days	3.0	35.0	105.0
技术维护所需总成本					105.0

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

pH in KCL Depth 0-30cm = 5.98 (slightly acidic), Depth 30-60cm = 6.63 (neutrally);
CaCo3 (%) Depth 0-30cm = 0.00 (no carbonate), Depth 30-60cm = 0.00 (no carbonate);
Humus (%) Depth 0-30cm = 2.96 (low humus), Depth 30-60cm = 2.34 (low humus);
Nitrogen Depth 0-30cm = 0.148 (well supplied), Depth 30-60cm = 0.117 (well supplied);
P2O5 (mg/100gr) Depth 0-30cm = 5.99 (poor), Depth 30-60cm = 6.04 (poor);
K2O (mg/100gr) Depth 0-30cm = 7.50 (poor), Depth 30-60cm = 4.00 (poor);

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 公司

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	夏季	增加	非常好
季雨量	夏季	减少	非常好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

The patented technology provides the ability to use a wider choice of tree species for successful afforestation in arid conditions, so now it is possible to use and plant species that are less tolerant to drought conditions. These plant species cannot be successfully used in dry areas in the case of classical technologies of afforestation.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The presented technology provides the possibility of using a wider choice of tree species for successful afforestation in harsh environmental conditions.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会

This technology provides enough moisture for the life of cultivated plant species without the need for irrigation young plants, improves soil moisture regime reducing the cost of water, without the negative trends in terms of the presence of nutrients and without additional irrigation - relying only on the water from atmospheric precipitates. This technology does not pollute the environment because it completely excludes the use of chemical agents in the control of undesirable plant species, which is vital for the quality of soil and groundwater, as well as for existing populations of wild animals. After completion of the production cycles, all the material used for mulching will be collected and recycled, which confirms that new technology has a zero degree of environmental pollution.

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

"Afforestation of semideserts, sands, and areas exposed to intense insolation using the new technologies of raising forest plantations"; Pejić, B., Lavadinović, V., Dražić, N., Jestretijević, N., ; 2014

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

International Conference “Enhancing Biodiversity in Mediterranean Ecosystems from Theory to Practice” 18-20 June, Thessaloniki, Greece

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

"Application of New Technologies in Raising of Woody Plantations (P 2013-0555) For Sustainable Management of Land With Poorer Quality On the Example of Ramsko golubačka peščara Sands; 2015, Pejić, B., Petrović, A., Bajić, J., Dražić, N., Jestretijević, N.,; 2015

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

VII International Conference „COAL 2015“, Zlatibor, 14-17.October, Zlatibor, Serbia.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

"Land Conservation and Sustainable Use of Sands Using the New Patented Technology of Raising Woody Plantations P 2013-0555" ; Pejić, B., Zlatić, M., ; 2016

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

“The Third World Conference of World Association of Soil and Water Conservation, Belgrade

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

web site: www.sumailov.rs

URL:

http://www.sumailov.rs/index%20English.html