1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Agroholding Yubileinij - 俄罗斯联邦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co (Amazone) - 德国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Hochschule Osnabrück (HS Osnabrück) - 德国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

University of Muenster (WWU Münster) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

No-till farming (also called zero tillage or direct drilling) is a way of growing crops from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

No-till seeding (also direct-drilling, or direct-seeding) is most commonly identified by the feature that during tillage operations, as much as possible of the surface residue from the previous crop is left intact on the surface of the ground, whether this be the flattened or standing stubble of an arable crop that has been harvested or a sprayed dense sward of grass.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of no-till is to increase working efficiency (i.e. to save fuel, time and labour), increase soil organic matter and nitrogen contents, preserve soil structure and soil fauna, improve aeriation and water infiltration, conserve soil moisture, prevent soil erosion, and increase yields.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: We use field trials to evaluate if and to which extent no-till seeding can contribute to sustainable land-management in Western Siberia. In cooperation with a large local agricultural enterprise, Agroholding Yubileinij, and a German manufacturer of agricultural machinery (AMAZONEN-Werke H. Dreyer GmbH & Co. KG), a field trial on 10 ha was set up near the city of Ishim, Tyumen province. In a randomized block design, two seeding parameters were varied, namely seeding depth and seeding rate (number of wheat seeds/ha). Both options were tested under conventional tillage, and no-till seeding, over three seasons (2013–2015).
The parameters soil moisture, plant available soil nitrogen content and grain yield were compared between all possible options of tillage approach (no-till/till), seeding depth and seeding rate.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

established technique in many countries and agricultural systems, in the study area: on-farm application of the technology in own field trials from 2013 to 2015

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major cash crop: Wheat
Major food crop: Wheat
Major other crops: Potatoes

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Low yields; soil water content as main limiting factor for crop production

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): low and varying yields, yield uncertainty due to climate variability and changing political framework conditions

Forest products and services: timber, fruits and nuts

Constraints of settlement / urban (towns, villages and cities): population growth

Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines): major oil pipelines

Constraints of wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps (massive bogs and fens (mires))

Constraints of recreation (fishing, swimming)

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, manure / compost / residues, zero tillage / no-till

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: soil management, crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

NA

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

fuel price, wages

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Also hill slopes, footslopes and valley floors (all ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Flat (90%) and gentle (5%)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Very deep (ranked 1, most soils rather deep, 80% of all cultivated soils in this class) and deep (ranked 2)
Soil texture: Also coarse/light and medium (mix of soil textures)
Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1). Also very high and high (both ranked 2) and low and very low (both ranked 3)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good (ranked 1) and medium and poor (both ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: High (ranked 1). Also very high and medium (both ranked 2) as well as low and very low (both ranked 3)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: On surface (the ground water table is at 0 cm in spring. The water flows then off and fields are sown in late May. Later in the year, drought is often a problem)
Water quality (untreated): Good drinking water, poor drinking water (treatement required) and for agricultural use only (irrigation) all ranked 1, unusable (ranked 2)

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Biodiversity also medium (ranked 2) and high (ranked 3)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged

Difference in the involvement of women and men: due to historical reasons (Soviet workforce structure), many women actively participate, e.g. as tractor drivers

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

2% of the land users are very rich and own 70% of the land.
1% of the land users are rich and own 20% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: additional sources: shops, slaughterhouses, or other parts of the producing chain. Farmers usually generate most of their income by farming

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 公司

土地使用权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	未知

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.5 技术采用

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: so far, only used on field trials, not commercially.

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: slow uptake due to strong tradition in use of conventional techniques

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
as above

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
potential to maintain and improve soil fertility
potential to increase yields
potential to safe on-farm costs, i.e. make production per area unit more efficient
potential to ensure stable yields under varying climatic conditions

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
as above

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
need for more chemical plant protection and weed control, therefore more herbicide applications needed, environmental externalities
well-educated, leading/advisory staff needed to implement technology

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

http://www.uni-muenster.de/SASCHA/en/index.html

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

free!