1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is constructed along the contour to minimize soil erosion and prevent runoff damage from down stream fields.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is widely used by farmers in the area and also widely practiced. The structure is built from stone and/or soil. On the average 1m vertical interval is used on a slope of 20-40%.

Purpose of the Technology: The technology is used to increase and maintain crop productivity by promoting activities which improve production and conserve soil and water.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The embankment is constructed from stone/soil and a ditch is dug at the upper side of the bund and bund stablization technique is used and frequent maintenance made.

Natural / human environment: The technology is suitable to areas with gentle to undulating slope and in cultivated areas with moderate soil depth.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

Oromiya

有关地点的进一步说明:

Awash/Jalela

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 239.5 km2.

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

Originated locally-farmers developed it from years of experiences.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作
• 多年一作（非木材）
• 乔木与灌木的种植

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Dec Second longest growing period in days: 105 Second longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Jun

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Population pressure, deforestation, land degradation

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

水质恶化

• Ha：干旱化

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (clearing forests and bushes for agricultural purpose), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (no vegetation cover/complete denudation), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - continous farming with out apllying SWC), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of soil management skill), governance / institutional

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing (high population/cattle pressure on the resources), poverty / wealth (lack of captial - unable to use improved technologies), land subdivision (small in size & fragmented), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (legislation is not inplace)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Oromia

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Better crop cover
Material/ species: farm implements
Remarks: plough along the contour

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Terrace: bench level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 5-10
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1

Construction material (earth): the excavated soil is used for making the embankment

Construction material (stone): used to construct stone/stone faced bunds

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

8.6

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The cost is culculated for the stone/soil bund and trench per hectare of land.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most important factor affecting the cost.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1), plateau/plains (ranked 2) and foot slopes (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Also rolling (ranked 2) and steep (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1), low (ranked 2) and high (ranked 3)
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 35% of the land.
50% of the land users are poor and own 45% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Farmers who have implemented SWC technologies on their farms have got better crop yields compared to those who have not implement SWC technologies.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

1049

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

70% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

734 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

315 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

7.1 信息的方法/来源