1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

food-for-work programm [埃塞俄比亚]

food-for-work programm with distribution of grains and oil

• 编制者： Sabina Erny
• 01/22/2009 midnight

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

level bund with double stone walls with soil and grass to stabilize the structure

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Two level rows of stones are piled up and the space between them is filled up with soil. Grass is growing on it so it can stabilize the bund. The soil can accumulate behind the bund. The land and the bunds slowly develop into terraces. It is combined with contour ploughing.

Purpose of the Technology: control runoff and soil erosion

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: through food-for-work program. Maintenance is up to the farmers, some maintain it regularly, throughout the year, others don't.

Natural / human environment: on gentle and steep slopes

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

South Wello

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

it was implemented by the government

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 谷类 - 大麦
• 谷物类 - 玉米
• 豆科牧草和豆类 - 豆子

• wheat, emmer wheat, teff

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Nov Second longest growing period in days: 150 Second longest growing period from month to month: Feb - Jun

牧场

动物类型:

• 牛 - 奶制品

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): erosion, decline of soil fertility and yield decline other major SWC specialist: shortage of grazing land and of forage

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): erosion, runoff, drought, climate

Grazingland comments: area closure: only during July-October some areas are closed, otherwise no area closure any more. Make hay for the cattle to feed them in the dry season.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: barley/wheat/emmer wheat - beans or teff - maize - barley/wheat/emmer wheat - beans or teff - maize

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A3：土壤表面处理

植物措施

结构措施

• S2：堤、岸

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: contour tillage

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀
• Wo：场外劣化效应

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wo: offsite degradation effects

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Drawing showing a level bund with double stone walls, Maybar, Ethiopia

Location: Maybar. Wello

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Secondary technical functions: improvement of soil structure, increase in soil fertility

Contour tillage
Remarks: because of the design of the terraces

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 10.00%

Construction material (earth): earth from the ditch just behind the structure on the upper side

Construction material (stone): normal, big stones from the field

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 10%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

作者:

Sabina Erny, Basel, Switzerland

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

8.8

4.3 技术建立活动

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

the slope: the steeper, the more bunds are needed; labour is a problem if there is no food-for-work any more

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked1, mainly steep hills), footslopes and ridges (both ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Hilly (ranked 1), rolling (ranked 2, more than 80% of the land has a slope degree from over 13%) and steep (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Very shallow (about 40% of the area) and moderately deep (both ranked 1), shallow and deep (both ranked 2)
Soil texture: Fine/heavy (of the major soil type)
Soil fertility: Medium
Topsoil organic matter: High (ranked 1, in the major soil type) and medium (ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium (ranked 1) and poor (ranked 2, somtimes there is waterlogging)
Soil water storage capacity: Low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
10% of the land users are rich and own 38% of the land (only rough estimates).
58% of the land users are average wealthy and own 36% of the land (only rough estimates).
32% of the land users are poor and own 26% of the land (only rough estimates).
Off-farm income specification: farmers employ others for ploughing, so they can go to the market
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (ranked 1, ploughing with oxen) and manual work (ranked 2, hacking)

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

200

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

200 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: some farmers are building level bund with double stone wallss without any incentives

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Biological soil conservation techniques for Maybar area, Ethiopia. Kassaye Goshu. 1997.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Classification of the Environment Conditions. H.-J. Krüger. 2003.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Area of Maybar, Wello, Ethiopia: Long-term Monitoring of the Agricultural Environment 1981-1994

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

The Use, Maintenance and Development of Soil and Water Conservation Measures by Small-Scale Farming Householfs in Different Agro-Climatic Zones of Northern Shewa and Southern Wello, Ethiopia.Yohannes Gebre Michael. 1999.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

CDE, Bern