1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience, Tajikistan (WB / PPCR)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership (CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A cascading rock irrigation channel lined with fast growing poplar trees, constructed on rocky slopes to channel water runoff from the high mountains for human use at the valley floor.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A one metre wide, 300m long, irrigation channel constructed of stones, that is built into the steep slope of a mountain gorge. The channel is 0.5m deep and is lined with poplar trees that help stabilise the structure. The water runs down the channel from the top mountains, with water splashing onto the poplar trees. At the foot of the channel the water is used to irrigated cultivated land and provide drinking water.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose of the cascading rock irrigation structure is to capture surface water run-off from the top of the mountain and channel it to where it can be utilised for human use such as drinking water, sanitation, and irrigation. The uneven surface of the rock channel slows the pace of the water thus preventing scouring at the foot of the channel. The channel also provides a suitable environment for the cultivation of poplar trees which in turn can help reduce water and wind erosion on the slopes, thus preventing rock and debris movement down onto the cultivated lands on the valley floor.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The channel is dug perpendicular to the steep slope and lined with stones gathered from the mountainous slopes. This activity is labour intensive, but can be more efficient with the use of donkeys. The stones are placed upon/on top of each other in the base of the channel, and used to line the sides of the channel to retain the water. The soil along the edge of the channel is cleared of debris and stone until it is suitable for the planting of poplar cuttings. The cutting are supplemented with organic fertiliser. The channel is financed by the land owner, with voluntary support from the community.

Natural / human environment: The cascading rock irrigation channel is located in a remote steep mountainous gorge where there is a shortage of land for cultivation. Water is in short supply, especially during the hot summer months. Subsequently the inhabitants have a high dependency on irrigated water from the top of the mountain range. The majority of the residents have a semi-subsistence living and are highly reliant upon the cultivated land where they grow a range of crops (e.g. wheat, potatoes. etc), fruits (e.g. apricots) and poplar trees for selling and construction purposes.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was constructed in 1992 and 1997 based upon ideas generated from the local inhabitants.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

• improved access to water

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Water and wind erosion, rockfalls and debris movement.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Debris movement due to excessive rains damaging crops and infrastructure.

Selective felling of (semi-) natural forests: Infrequent felling of poplars.

Forest products and services: timber, protection against natural hazards

Other forest products and services: construction

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fp: Plantations, afforestations

Constraints of wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Number of growing seasons per year:

1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 180Longest growing period from month to month: March-October

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures, structural measures

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -linear

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wm: mass movements / landslides

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ed: deflation and deposition

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Removal of forest vegetation many years before.), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Extreme events lead to debris movement covering fertile lands.)

Secondary causes of degradation: war and conflicts (Lack of natural resources during civil war led to the cutting of many of the trees preventing slope movement.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Somoni

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

4.5

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Planting Poplars	Spring, March
2.	Composting	spring
3.	Construction of rock irrigation channel	spring

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Planting Poplars	Persons/day	10.0	25.0	250.0	100.0
劳动力	Construction of rock irrigation channel	Persons/day	60.0	25.0	1500.0	100.0
设备	Tools	Pieces	3.0	20.0	60.0	100.0
设备	Donkey	Donkey/day	20.0	22.5	450.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	Unit	1.0	266.0	266.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Composte	per tree	250.0	1.0	250.0	100.0
施工材料	Stone	tons	50.0	20.0	1000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					3776.0
技术建立总成本，美元					839.11

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	tree tending	every year
2.	Maintenance of channel	Spring

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Tree tending	Persons/day	7.0	25.0	175.0	100.0
劳动力	Maintenance of channel	Persons/day	10.0	25.0	250.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					425.0
技术维护总成本，美元					94.44

注释:

The indicative cost of the technology was calculated based on 2010 prices.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

There was no real cost in construction of the rock irrigation channel. All labour, animal traction and materials were sourced locally for no cost, poplar seedlings are cuttings from local poplars, and organic compost for the trees was collected from local livestock.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: This area is located at 1500m

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture is rocky, shale.

Soil fertility is very low and nothing is growing on the adjacent slopes.

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor

Soil water storage capacity is very low.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

No natural propogation/reproduction on the slope and slow growth rate without irrigation.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

100% of the land users are average wealthy and own 100% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Some of the incomes come from driving, teaching etc

Market orientation of production system: Poplars are used for personal construction projects but can be sold for $300 per tree.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
mass soil movement	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Low initial expense due to inputs easily available.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

400 households

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

400 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Minimal replication in small areas of land, but no replication in recent years. (It appears in this area the implementation of the technology may have been optimised).

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Improved livelihoods and the variety and yield of crops. How can they be sustained / enhanced? If the water was not available through the channel then the land would have to be abandoned.
The poplar trees provide a good source of secondary income.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It reduces soil and wind erosion from the mountain slopes. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Further planting of trees.
It reduces rockfalls and debris movement, thus protecting the land down slope that is used for cultivation.
It provides water for irrigation and hence leads to an increase in crops yields and crop diversification down slope of the channel. These crops include wheat, potatoes, onions and some fruit trees mainly apricot. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Pipes form the channel to other areas.
Increased access to clean running water has improved sanitation and hygiene conditions for the inhabitants. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Further training on hygiene and sanitation.
The use of uneven rocks slows down the speed of the water in the channel and prevents water erosion at the base of the slope.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The channel can become severely damaged after a harsh winter.	The rock lining could be cemented in but that would increase the cost, and the trees would not be able to use the water that soaks through the channel.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology is a major construction activity that needs to be strategically positioned.	The location should be carefully considered with help of specialists.

7.1 信息的方法/来源