1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience, Tajikistan (WB / PPCR)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences) - 塔吉克斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Global Environment Facility Tajikistan (GEF) - 塔吉克斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Tajik Soil Insitute (Tajik Soil Institute) - 塔吉克斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

UNEP (UNEP) - 肯尼亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University (Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University) - 德国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Cultivation of fodder crops (alfa-аlfa) on irrigated slopes of 60% steepness in the arid mountainous area of the Western Pamirs (Vanj valley).

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In 1993, in the Vanj district all land suitable for tilling was already occupied, only steep slopes were uncultivated. However, one innovative land user began to set up on a slope with 60% steepness, a 3 ha plot for intensive grass / fodder production through his own initiative. By the application of irrigation, within 3-5 years the very low productive grazing land was converted into a highly productive and sustainable cut-and-carry system. The technology is very effective in these ecological conditions for rapid rehabilitation of degraded lands. Over the 18 years of on-going fodder production on the plot, the pure alfa-alfa culture transformed into a grass-bean mixture, which provides even better soil cover and soil conservation.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose is secured fodder production for keeping livestock in the winter time. Despite the steep slope of 60%, and low-productive soils, by applying irrigation, the farmer gets three harvests of hay per season, amounting to about 8-12 ton of high quality fodder. Thus, over all these years, the farmer has had no problems producing sufficient fodder for his livestock.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment of such a plot is very labour-intensive. However, within 3-4 years the productivity of the land improves several times over. High yields of high quality hay can be obtained within the short term, and the labour intensive activities are mostly needed just within the first year of establishment. Thus, many farmers have been attracted to apply this technology.

Natural / human environment: The plot described is situated in the village of Ravgada, Jamoat Teharv in Vanj district. Vanj is one of the two districts of GBAO with favourable agro-climatic conditions. But even here the natural fertility of the stony soils is low, especially on pasture lands with sparse vegetation. Due to the high aridity, farming is not possible without irrigation. The main income of the population is from livestock and the sale of nuts and fruits. All families that have recently become independent farmers, had mostly lands on steep slopes allocated to them. These families have therefore been applying the described technology with minor variations depending on the topography of their land.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was established in 1992.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Low natural fertility of soils, very stony land, farming is not possible without irrigation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of water. A lot of money and work is required to supply water to areas on steep slopes.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Grazing land: Gi: Intensive grazing/ fodder production

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

注释:

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Grazing land: Gi: Intensive grazing/ fodder production

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 改良植物品种/动物品种

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Secondary measures: structural measures

Type of vegetative measures: in blocks

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing (grazing without rotation), droughts (High aridity, low precipitation), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (very steep slopes (all other land was already occupied)), population pressure (lack of land), poverty / wealth (not enough resources)

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (fields with perennial crops are not wide spread), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (tree cutting for fuel), labour availability (migration to Russia), inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …) (no direct access to markets), education, access to knowledge and support services (no institutional support), war and conflicts (main cause for food unsecurity)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

somoni

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

4.53

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Clearing the site of stones	before plowing
2.	Clearing the site of stones	before plowing
3.	plowing the land using ox	Spring / 1 time in 19 years
4.	plowing the land using ox	Spring / 1 time in 19 years
5.	Purchasing fertilisers(50 kg=150s)
6.	Purchasing fertilisers(50 kg=150s)
7.	Applying fertilisers	before sowing
8.	Applying fertilisers	before sowing
9.	alfa-alfa seeds
10.	alfa-alfa seeds
11.	planting (sowing) alfalfa
12.	planting (sowing) alfalfa
13.	watering the field
14.	watering the field
15.	Construction of main irrigation canal(pipes water from a spring)
16.	Construction of main irrigation canal(pipes water from a spring)
17.	Purchasing of pipes20 Ø= 50cm x 6m1=100$
18.	Purchasing of pipes20 Ø= 50cm x 6m1=100$
19.	installation of pipesover a length of 120m
20.	installation of pipesover a length of 120m
21.	Construction ofirrigation network on site	before sowing
22.	Construction ofirrigation network on site	before sowing
23.	stabilisation of irrigation canals with stones collected from the fields	after plowing
24.	stabilisation of irrigation canals with stones collected from the fields	after plowing

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Clearing the site of stones	Persons/day	10.0	30.0	300.0	100.0
劳动力	Plowing the land with ox	Persons/day	9.0	180.0	1620.0	100.0
劳动力	Applying Fertilizer/planting alfalfa/watering	Persons/day	13.0	30.0	390.0	100.0
劳动力	Construction of irrigation pipes	Persons/day	304.0	30.0	9120.0	100.0
设备	Purchasing of pipes 20 Ø= 50cm x 6m 1=100$	pipes	20.0	453.0	9060.0	100.0
设备	Labour: Constructing and stabilizing irrigation network (3km)	Persons/day	450.0	30.0	13500.0	100.0
植物材料	Alfa-alfa seeds	kg	48.0	20.0	960.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	kg	500.0	3.0	1500.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					36450.0
技术建立总成本，美元					8046.36

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	watering the field10 times per vegetation period (5 month).Once, every 9 days for 3 ha.	during vegetation period
2.	cutting of alfa-alfa and natural grass	3 times per year
3.	Repairing and cleaning of the main irrigation canal from sediments and debris	Before the irrigation season in spring
4.	repairing and cleaning of the irrigation network from sediment and branches on an overall area of 3 ha	Before the irrigation season in spring

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	watering the field 10 times per vegetation period	Persons/day	90.0	30.0	2700.0	100.0
劳动力	cutting of alfa-alfa and natural grass	Persons/day	45.0	30.0	1350.0	100.0
劳动力	Cleaning irrigation network and canal	Persons/day	12.0	30.0	360.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					4410.0
技术维护总成本，美元					973.51

注释:

Machinery/ tools: manual labour using sickle/shovel., shovels

The slope of the plot described is 55-60%.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The steepness of the slope.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: More exactly 2150-2200m

Lanforms: Straight steep slope in high mountain area

Slopes on average: 60% steepness on the upper part of the plot, and 50-55% on the lower part.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: It is a steep mountain slope

Water quality (untreated): Water comes from a spring, it is good drinking water

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Much evidence of insects and birds, and also traces of soil fauna.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

20% of the land users are rich (Farmer became richer after 1993).

Off-farm income specification: In addition to the fodder plot, he also has a big forest plot rented from the Forest committee, a big apple and nut orchard, and he also keeps chickens and turkeys.

Market orientation of production system: This fodder is sufficient for his own livestock

Level of mechanization animal traction: Land cultivation once in 18 years

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 租赁

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

注释:

The use of irrigation has made the technology sustainable and more tolerant to temperature increases and drought. However, if climate change leads to decreasing snow fall, this may affect the quantity and the duration of irrigation water available. Reduced irrigation water may lead to a reduced number of yields.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The largest amount of money was spent on the purchase of water pipes to bring irrigation water to the site. But the farmer says that over the long-term (18 years), he has already covered this cost.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

266 houshold in an area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

Comments on spontaneous adoption: All families that have recently come to live as individual farmers and had lands allocated to them, have mostly obtained land on steep slopes.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The rapidly seen benefits of the technology have attracted many farmers to apply this technology.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
For many years the farmer had no problems with fodder for his 10 cows.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
this technology is very effective in these ecological conditions for the rapid rehabilitation of, and reduction of land degradation in these low-productivity soils.
Alfalfa has been grown for the last 18 years, giving a stable hay yield.
Over many years, the pure alfa-alfa fields became mixed with grass-bean herbs, which provide much better soild cover than alfalfa alone.
Despite the 60% steep slope and low-productive soils, thanks to irrigation, the farmer can harvest three yields of hay per season, which is about 8-10 ton of high quality fodder.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Next year the farmer wants to plow the field and re-plant the alfalfa. He is already an old man and on such a steep slope it will be difficult

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The farmer did not engage in beekeeping. Possibly because he does not have enough knowledge.	the farmer should start beekeeping which can have several benefits, including ecologically clean honey and good pollination of alfalfa, which will lead to greater seed yields and greater income.

7.1 信息的方法/来源