1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

R4D Woody Weeds

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CABI Switzerland (CABI Switzerland) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

It is an SLM technology and is being tested for out-scaling in areas invaded by Prosopis juliflora

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The cut stump technology is probably the most effective means of killing mature Prosopis trees using the herbicide Triclon with active ingredients Triclopyr 480g/l . Stems are cut with a chainsaw as close to the ground as possible and the herbicide is applied to the stump within three minutes of cutting using a paintbrush. The young plants with less than 2 cm root collar diameter should be uprooted by hand. The treatment is repeated after three months on resprouting stumps.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is highly relevant and effective for controlling the invasion of Prosopis spp. in both agricultural and grassland areas where the species is considered problematic. It is particularly suitable for dry regions prone to Prosopis invasions, especially those experiencing drought periods of more than four months, which allow the herbicide to take significant effect. To avoid chemical contamination, the technology should only be applied in areas located more than 200 meters away from water sources.

This method requires simple tools to cut trees efficiently, with a chainsaw being recommended for the task. However, in areas where infestations cover less than 20 percent of the land, simpler tools such as machetes can be used. Trees should be cut as close to the ground as possible (no more than 15 cm stump height), and herbicide should be applied to the stump within three minutes of cutting. The treatment should be carried out during the dry season, ensuring no rainfall is expected within a month to allow for complete absorption of the herbicide.

A minimum of two people equipped with proper protective clothing is required for this operation: one to cut the trees and another to apply the herbicide and clear the cut branches. The herbicide, typically Triclopyr, is often mixed with diesel at a 1:50 ratio. A follow-up application is crucial to target any trees that were not completely killed during the initial treatment.

Herbicides can be ordered from Arysta Co. Ltd in Tanzania at a cost of TZS 1,000,000 (USD 430) per 20 liters. The advantages of using this technology include its effectiveness in killing the trees and the ability to utilize the cut branches as fuelwood or for making Prosopis charcoal. However, the major drawbacks include limited information leading to scepticism among land users regarding the health risks and potential long-term effects on soil quality, as well as the limited availability of the herbicide in local agro-stores.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2017

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was introduced through experimentation during the implementation of the Woody Weeds Project. For more details visit www.woodyweeds.org

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Crop cultivation and grazing are rotated to avoid crop damage and sometimes cropland is fenced with thorny branches of Prosopis juliflora to deter livestock from accessing the crop fields.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Crop cultivation and grazing are rotated to avoid crop damage and sometimes cropland is fenced with thorny branches of Prosopis juliflora to deter livestock from accessing the crop fields.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

Cultivation of vegetables relies fully on irrigation. Water is obtained from shallow bore holes and pumped out to irrigate the fields.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• Weed control and management

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

The cut stump technology is considered a control of species composition because the intention is to remove or reduce the abundance of the invasive species and improve performance of desired native plant species.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The technology controls and reduces the density of an invasive tree Prosopis juliflora on grazing land and cultivated fields.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

The land degradation is due to change of vegetation cover as a result of increasing abundance of an invasive tree.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tanzanian Shilling

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

2400.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Acquisition of Chemical (Triclon)	anytime of the year
2.	Hiring a Chain Saw	anytime of the year
3.	Cutting of stems	During dry season (normally January - March)
4.	Chemical application using paint brush	Within five minutes after cutting the stems
5.	Separating intertwined branches	Immediately after cutting the stems
6.	Cleaning the area from thorns and small branches	Immediately after cutting the stems
7.	2nd treatments of stumps	Two months after chemical treatments and during dry season
8.	3rd treatment of stumps	After 6-8 months after 1st treatment and should be during dry season (normally September - October)
9.	Removing regenerating Prosopis	Every three months after 1st treatment for 15 months

注释:

It is important to find out which chemical is registered for use in your area. Triclopyr was easy to use and very effective to kill trees with stem diameter > 5cm.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cutting of stems	Mandays	2.0	20000.0	40000.0
劳动力	Chemical application using paint brush	Mandays	1.0	20000.0	20000.0
劳动力	Separating intertwined branches	Mandays	2.0	20000.0	40000.0
劳动力	Removing small branches and debris	Mandays	1.0	20000.0	20000.0
设备	Hiring a Chain saw	Hours	8.0	4000.0	32000.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Triclon (480g/l Triclopyr)	Litres	1.2	50000.0	60000.0
技术建立所需总成本					212000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					88.33

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

R4D Woody Weeds Project

注释:

The estimated costs is for an area covered with > 80 Prosopis juliflora. The technology has not yet been out-scaled. The main challenge with its adoption is the availability of the chemical Triclon.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Uprooting regenerating Prosopis	after every three months
2.	Chemical application	Every dry season up to 15 months

注释:

To ensure effective control it is important to uproot all regenerating Prosopis after every three months.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	uprooting regenerating Prosopis	Mandays	5.0	20000.0	100000.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Triclon (triclopyr 480g/L)	Litres	0.6	50000.0	30000.0
技术维护所需总成本					130000.0
技术维护总成本，美元					54.17

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

R4D Woody Weeds

注释:

After every three months, uprooting of all regenerating Prosopis should be done before they develop deep roots and start competing with desired plants.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

(i) Availability of labor during farming seasons
(ii) Distance from and availability of agro-chemical stores
(iii) Size of Prosopis trees
(iv) Length of dry and wet seasons (long wet season makes many seed of Prosopis to germinate and long dry season makes it difficult to work out under the sun)

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Extensive flat terrain interrupted by seasonal rivers flowing southeast of the Kilimanjaro Mountains. There are big acacia (mainly Vachelia xanthophloea) and fig trees along the seasonal rivers and anthills far away from rivers where floods are unlikely.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

See attached soil information that was taken before implementation of the Cut Stump at Kahe, Kilimanjaro Tanzania

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

Continuous irrigation from underground waters increases salinity and makes farms unproductive thus necessitate rotational cropping and woody trees

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

频繁

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The underground water recharges quickly after rain seasons but due to limited vegetation cover, the rate of evapotranspiration is high thus the water remaining in the ground is very little.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Typical diversity of continuous cultivated areas

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

注释:

Frequent floods may limit the application of the technology because it requires long dry periods for it to be effective and for the chemical to degrade.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

It might be difficult to assess after 4 years of implementation of the technology but quick assessment of land users'perception indicate high initial costs that requires time to offset.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

4 households farming a total of 5 hactares

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Very few have adopted the technology spontaneously.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Efficient and fast method with minimal impact as the chemical is applied directly on the cut stump.
Allows to use the tree's biomass e.g. charcoal production

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Even though the method is relatively fast, very large invaded areas would still be difficult to clear with this method.	For such large invasions the only feasible approach would be biological control.
One must be very careful not to disperse seeds during the treatment, for example when transporting the cut biomass, as this could worsen the situation.	Implement when trees have no fruits.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Experimental prosopis management practices and grassland restoration in three Eastern African countries, Eschen et al., 2023

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-023-00163-5

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Cut stump treatment to manage Prosopis juliflora

URL:

www.woodyweeds.org

7.4 一般注释

The questionnaire is very good and well designed to collect information that will be very useful to others that wish to practice the technologies.