1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

Inter cropping cereal and legume based systems aims at maximizing the production potential per unit area .

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Improved maize (zea mays)-groundnuts (arachis hypogaea) optimum intercropping pattern is a technology promoted by IITA (International Institute for Tropical Agriculture) among small scale farmers through demonstrations /trials. It is promoted for improving food and income security and optimum land utilisation.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has been promoting smart intercropping patterns in Nwoya District, Northern Uganda. The inter crops promoted are based on maize-legume sustainable intensification farming systems with focus on conservation farming as a technology. This technology is promoted because it reduces management inputs costs such as labour for weeding and application of fertilizers which results into sustainable systems and if efficiently used to potentially replenish natural resources.The demonstration/ trial is located in Alero Sub County, Nwoya District, which on average receives 1200 mm of rainfall annually established on a reddish soil with relatively low soil organic matter on a plot size of 180 m2 planted with groundnuts as the major crop spaced at 30cm×10cm and maize intercrop at a spacing of 225 cm×60cm, such that within every 5 lines of groundnuts one line of maize is planted.

The groundnuts (local red variety called red beauty) are locally obtained from the nearby local market, while the maize is an open pollinated variety (Longe 5) bought from the local agro input dealer. The inter crop was planted to increase productivity and reduce the risk of total crop failure.

Prior to establishment, Riber farmers group selected a site close to the road to act as there demo/plot.The plot was slashed, sprayed with glyphosate and then marked using 60-cm pegs to get the correct spacing and proper plant population. Ground nuts were planted first then the maize planted a fortnight later using the following inputs 3 kg of maize bought at UGX 1500, 15 kg of groundnuts bought at UGX 5000 and 1 litre of liquid fertiliser at UGX 15000 and 1 litre of glyphosate bought at UGX 20,000.

Inter cropping is majorly preferred by farmers because it enhances maximum utilization of land, reduces risk of total crop failure, and increases income and food security. It also acts as a means of weed management. In some inter cropping systems, the legumes act as soil cover and fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil, and promote product diversity for food security and income generation.

However weeding an inter crops is challenging compared to weeding a pure stand and encourages competition for resources such as soil nutrients, moisture and light, which may affect crop productivity. Its therefore recommend that the farmer keep in touch with the extension worker for advisory services ( proper management, pests and diseases management)

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2016

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The intercropping pattern was introduced by International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

The demonstration site is located by the road side. It is surrounded by bush fallows and a small banana plantation (musa spp)

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

The group depends on rain fall for growing crops on this plot.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 改良植物品种/动物品种

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

The groundnuts act as a soil cover and also fix nitrogen in the soil improving soil fertility

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The demo plot was established on an intensely cultivated area, the legumes are planted to improved soil fertility . in addition the groundnuts act as a soil cover therefore reducing soil erosion.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

The ground nuts are inter cropped to not only increase crop diversity on the plot but to also reduce soil erosion incidence.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3680.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Bush clearing	January
2.	Slashing and spraying	January
3.	Field marking	January
4.	Planting both maize and beans	March

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Slashing	People	15.0	3000.0	45000.0	100.0
劳动力	Ploughing	People	15.0	3000.0	45000.0	100.0
劳动力	Field Marking	People	15.0	3000.0	45000.0	100.0
劳动力	Planting	People	15.0	3000.0	45000.0	100.0
设备	Strings	Piece	1.0	8000.0	8000.0	100.0
设备	Planting Pegs	bundle	2.0	5000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Tape Measure	Piece	1.0	25000.0	25000.0	100.0
植物材料	Groundnuts	kg	15.0	2500.0	37500.0	100.0
植物材料	Longe5 (maize)	kg	3.0	1500.0	4500.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Liquid fertiliser (DI grow)	Ltr	1.0	15000.0	15000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					280000.0

注释:

IITA introduced the technology to the farmers group however establishment and maintenance costs were incurred by the group

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	April
2.	Spraying	fort night

注释:

Weeding is done once because the ground nuts close the canopy therefore inhibiting weeds growth.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	people	15.0	3000.0	45000.0	100.0
劳动力	spraying	people	1.0	3000.0	3000.0	100.0
设备	knapsacks sprayer	Piece	1.0	55000.0	55000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					103000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The group incurred all the costs

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the most important factor affecting costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The water is drawn from the borehole and considered of good quality and is readily available

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

They are a farmer's group with a membership of 35(20Males and 15Females) they are all small scale farmers

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• Customary

• Customary

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

The land is owned by the clan and is passed on to family members

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The intercrops are an annual enterprise therefore benefts are realised in the short term. the group indicated that they planted one(1) kg of maize seed the previous season and got 200kgs after harvesting. however in this particular season the harvests were not yet made

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

The group has a membership of 35 people all the group members have transffered the technology into their own farms.

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

注释:

All the members received seed from the proceeds of the previous season from the group demo and were supposed to transfer the technology to their different individual farms.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology is good at Improving crop yield due to the crop, nutrients, fertility
Inter cropping leads to weed suppression
The technology controls pest and disease incidence.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Legumes act as soil cover hence reduction in soil moisture
Reduces risk of total crop failure. In case the drought starts early the farmer would have already harvested the legumes.
Improve soil fertility resulting from the legumes fixing nitrogen in the soils

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Weeding in intercrops is cumbersome	weed when crops are still young
It is not easy to use chemical weed control in intercrops	This is overcome by spraying weeds before planting hence reducing on their vigour and also weeding early
sometimes the right plant population is not got reducing on the crop yields of intercrops	This is overcome by marking the correct spacing of the major crop to atleast get optimum plant population for the major crop

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
some times there is competition for nutrients and water between the crops	Applying of basal nitrogenous fertilisers
Sometimes inter cropping may lead to entiolation and poor growth of crops	This can be overcome by planting the legume before planting the cereal. This is done to allow the legumes grow fast so as they dont get affected by too mush shade
Late maturing crops are usually damaged during harvesting of the early maturing crops	This is overcome by planting in rows and being careful while harvesting the early maturity crops.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Effect of Summer Maize-Legume Intercropping System on Growth, Productivity, Pilli Manassa , 2018

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Open access

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Maize/peanut intercropping increases land productivity: A meta-analysis

URL:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429021001544