1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Reversing land degradation in Africa by scaling-up Evergreen Agriculture (Regreening Africa)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

FMNR has been embraced by the local community as they consider it low cost and products from FMNR are utilized for various livelihood activities such as woodfuel for household use and surplus for sale, beekeeping is practiced within the plots: passion fruits are integrated also - climbing on frameworks of prunings.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR) has been embraced by the local community as they consider it a low cost method of establishing agroforestry, and products are utilized for various livelihood activities such as woodfuel for household use and surplus for sale, beekeeping is practiced within the plots: passion fruits are integrated also - climbing on frameworks of prunings.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR) involves helping naturally regenerating trees to grow at the homestead - in cropland or within enclosure. FMNR begins with assessment of the land to ascertain the potential to practice the technology. Plots that have shrubs or stumps are selected. Management by thinning is practiced to provide a suitable density to allow prolific growth. The offcuts and twigs from clearing the shrub can be used as mulch, stakes for beans or passion fruits, or as wood fuel. Other techniques used includes propping to support weak stems and protection of site to avoid interference by human and livestock. In Homabay county, Western Kenya, farmer manage their plots by thinning, supporting stems and pruning. Species are regenerated using protection of naturally seeded trees, including Acacia spp, Grewia bicolor, Balanities aegyptiaca, Psidium guajava, Combretum collinum, Markamia lutea, Thevetia peruviana, Albizia coriara and Rhus spp. FMNR has been embraced by the local community as they consider it a low cost way of establishing agroforestry and products are utilized for various livelihood activities such as woodfuel for household use and surplus for sale, beekeeping is practiced within the plots: passion fruits are integrated also - climbing on frameworks of prunings.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2018

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Regreening project or project on restoration of degraded landscape combined with traditional agroforestry.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林牧业

注释:

FMNR is practiced on cropping field where farmers encourage naturally growing trees of high value to regenerate alongside the crops. within the grazing field, pruning and thinning of naturally regenerating trees is done to allow grass to grow. in some cases the grazing field are enclosed and farmers can only cut and carry the grasses especially when the trees/ seedlings are young.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林牧业

注释:

The land is used in the same way before and after the technology, the difference is the productivity of the land that has improved as a result of implementation of the technology. for example with increased availability of forage, farmers have witnessed milk production that translate to more food for the household and surplus for market that also support other livelihoods such as access to quality seedlings.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Most farmers do not irrigate the trees that regenerate naturally, they are mainly rain-fed systems.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

The choice of the measure depends on the level of degradation. in severely degraded areas a combination of measures are integrated.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Another form of degradation managed using the technology is invasive species management by thinning out unwanted species or uprooting.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地
• 适应土地退化

注释:

The technology is promoted to reverse effects of land degradation and adapt to changing patterns as a result of the degradation. for example the area enclosure is able to regenerate within the prevailing environmental conditions.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Survey land	dry season
2.	Take an inventory of available species and their priority uses	dry season
3.	generate a priority use list for the farm	dry season
4.	generate a preferred species list	dry season
5.	Mark and remove the unwanted species	dry season
6.	select species and stumps to be regenerated	dry season
7.	manage the stumps/stems by removing unwated stumps,thinning to remain with manageable density	dry season
8.	keep three to five stems on each of the selected species and stumps	onset of the rain season
9.	Manage the selected by pruning ofside branches, protection by fencing, utilize the prunning and coppices as firewood, make biochar, stakes for vegetable farming, compost making, construction work etc	raining season
10.	allow the trees to grow for preferred use, periodically pruning is required	2-6 months

注释:

Where the trees regenerated has low density or diversity or the high value/preferred species are not available consider enrichment planting. in areas where FMNR is not feasible resort to enrichment planting. other technologies such as grass reseeding, soil water conservation could be implemented alongside FMNR.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land survey and inventory of species	person day	1.0	3.0	3.0	100.0
劳动力	marking and removing unwanted species	person day	1.0	3.0	3.0	100.0
劳动力	marking and regenerating the preferred species	person day	3.0	3.0	9.0	100.0
劳动力	managing regenerated trees	person day	1.0	3.0	3.0	100.0
设备	machete					100.0
设备	axe					100.0
设备	file					100.0
设备	fork hoe					100.0
设备	hoe					100.0
设备	wheelbarrow					100.0
设备	rake					100.0
设备	pruning saw					100.0
施工材料	use locally available, dead fence
技术建立所需总成本					18.0
技术建立总成本，美元					18.0

注释:

Where the farmer decide to do enrichment planting, permanent fencing, grass reseeding the cost is higher that what is projected here. the cost for the first year is high, subsequent years the cost is low. The household use available equipment to manage and regenerate the trees.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	pruning and removal of emerging species	twice per year

注释:

Maintenance depend on the availability of rainfall that determine how faster the trees establishes.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	pruning and removing unwanted	1	1.0	3.0	3.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					3.0
技术维护总成本，美元					3.0

注释:

Maintenance cost is lower since it is done periodically and trees establishes at different growth rates.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

1) density of the species
2) frequency and intensity of the rains
3) level of degradation
4) management objectives

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Topography has no effect on FMNR

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil information is not available

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

FMNR rely on natural environmental conditions

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Agrobiodiversity increases with FMNR/ Agroforestry

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

FMNR increases diversity on-site. Issues of water, carbon, soil were not assessed in the study.

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

Offsite benefits of FMNR were not assessed.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		增加	好

注释:

land users are conversant to temperature and rainfall as the main climate related issues.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
user friendly and complementary to other land use activities
cost effective after the first investment
high potential for scaling

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
preserve biological diversity
start with the knowledge that farmers posses
build on the local knowledge of the farmers

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
high cost of initial investment	form farmer cooperatives to access credit
limited available natural regenerants	compliment with enrichment planting
sometimes available stumps are not the preferred species	compliment with enrichment planting

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
FMNR policy missing	Support policy reforms to include FMNR
practiced mainly in the rangeland where land tenure is communal	Strengthening existing community structures
slow growing of the indigenous species making it less preferred by the farmers	compliment with fast growing high value trees

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

10.Wanjira, E.O., Muriuki, J. & Ojuok, I. (2020). Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration for Kenya: A primer for development practitioners. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), pg133. Erick Wanjira 1:02 PM 2.Muriuki J, Wanjira EO, Ojuok I. 2022.Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration in Kenya: A trainer’s guide for farmers, pastoralists and other land users. Nairobi: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), 56. 3.Obwocha E, Muriuki J, Wanjira EO, Mohamed A, Muse IM.2022. Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration in Somali context: Practitioners’ manual. Nairobi: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), p84 Erick Wanjira 1:03 PM Rinaudo, T., Muller, A. & Morris, M. (2019). Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) Manual. A resource for project managers, practitioners and all who are interested in better understanding and supporting the FMNR movement. World Vision Australia.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

open access

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

10.Wanjira, E.O., Muriuki, J. & Ojuok, I. (2020). Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration for Kenya: A primer for development practitioners. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), pg133. Erick Wanjira 1:02 PM 2.Muriuki J, Wanjira EO, Ojuok I. 2022.Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration in Kenya: A trainer’s guide for farmers, pastoralists and other land users. Nairobi: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), 56. 3.Obwocha E, Muriuki J, Wanjira EO, Mohamed A, Muse IM.2022. Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration in Somali context: Practitioners’ manual. Nairobi: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), p84 Erick Wanjira 1:03 PM Rinaudo, T., Muller, A. & Morris, M. (2019). Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) Manual. A resource for project managers, practitioners and all who are interested in better understanding and supporting the FMNR movement. World Vision Australia.

7.4 一般注释

The team is available to provide additional information