1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Pollination of date palms is essential to ensure good quality yield. Currently, pollination is done manually: this is a costly process and dangerous. Mechanised Liquid Pollination (MLP) reduces variable costs by 80% and prevents causalities while maintaining yield.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In the Middle East, the date palm is a common crop with significant cultural and economic value. Date palms are typically found in dry, arid and hot areas. Due to climate change in the form of high temperatures, heatwaves, increased water scarcity, harsh winds, poor pollination and the increase of pests, production problems are increasing. The International Center of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) acknowledged these challenges and led an initiative to address the key issues. One major challenge identified was the labour-intensive and dangerous practice of manual date palm pollination: a farmer climbs up the tree and spreads the pollen. This is expensive and dangerous. An alternative tested was mechanised liquid pollination. Pollen is mixed with water and then sprayed onto the inflorescence of the palm tree. The costs are reduced substantially, and there is a three times higher benefit-cost return. In addition, pollination is now less depending on the climate, thus more resilient to climate change.

Prior to pollinating, the male spathes are cut off to avoid the losses of pollen. This is done when the spathes begin to ripen. The spathe is brought to a temperature-controlled room to dry for few days. Then the inflorescence is opened and strands are left to dry further. As the moisture content of the inflorescence decreases, its flowers begin to open and the pollen is released. It is captured, and mixed with water. Pollination is then carried out mechanically with a pump system or drones.

Regarding the costs, based on 140 date palms per hectare this corresponds to 28 inflorescences required. These are processed into 560 grams of pollen following the methodology as described above. The cost per inflorescence is around 6 Omani Riyal (1 Omani Riyal = 2.6 USD). The actual pollination through a drone, also known as showering, costs around 150 Omani Riyal. Showering is done four times, with each consisting of an operation time of 3 hours, so 12 hours in total. In other words, the total cost per hectare for applying this liquid pollination through showering is estimated at around 518 Omani Riyal, or 1,350 USD. The purchase costs of a drone and the related devices is estimated at 8000 Omani Riyal.

To conclude, this innovation is very useful because it substantially lowers variable costs of date palm production and prevents the risks of accidents under the conventional method of pollination. However, the required investments are very large for individual farmers.

Information and data presented are partly made available through the project “Support to Date Palm Production in the Gulf Council Countries,” funded through the GCC General Secretariat by the member countries, managed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and implemented in the Sultanate of Oman by the Directorate General of Agriculture & Animal Research.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

阿曼

区域/州/省:

Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia; Qatar; Kuwait; Bahrain; United Arabic Emirates

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

否

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2011

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

农田

• 乔木与灌木的种植

乔木和灌木种植 - 指定作物:

• 枣子

采用间作制度了吗？:

否

采用轮作制度了吗？:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 森林种植管理

• Improved Pollination

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A7：其它

管理措施

• M2：改变管理/强度级别

其它措施

具体说明:

Liquid Pollination

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

生物性退化

• Bq：数量/生物量减少

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 适应土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Drone equipment used for showering. Drone may vary; this drone has a length of around 1 meter and a width of around 0.74 meter.

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Omani Riyal

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

0.39

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

The purchase costs of a drone and the related devices is estimated at 8000 Omani Riyal.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

注释:

Firstly, to cut off the male spathes, to avoid losses of pollen. This is when the spathe begin to ripe, usually in February-March .Secondly, the spathe is brought to a temperature controlled room (18-22 degrees Celsius) to dry for some days. Thirdly, after these days, the inflorescence is cut from the spathe, and left to dry further. The inflorescence should be dried in dark place to maintain viability. Fourthly, as the moisture content of the inflorescence decreases, its flowers begin to open and the pollen are released. Therefore, pollen can now be extracted from the inflorescence. This can be done manually or mechanically. Finally, the pollen are mixed with water in a ratio of four grams pollen to one liter water, suitable for pollination roughly 50 date palms. Pollination is done in March-April, and is done mechanically with a pump system.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

518.0

注释:

Regarding cost estimations: there are typically 140 date palms per hectare. This relates to 28 required inflorescences that are processed into 560 grams of pollen following the advice as described above. The cost per inflorescence is around 6 Omani Riyal. 1 Omani Riyal is 2.6 USD. The actual pollination through a drone, also known as showering, costs around 150 Omani Riyal. Showering is done four times each consisting of an operation time of 3 hours, so 12 hours in total. In other words, the total cost per hectare for applying this liquid pollination through showering is estimated at around 518 Omani Riyal, or 1,350 USD.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Return of investment in the short term is slightly negative due to high investment costs.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源