1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

There have been no adverse effects on the environment in the area since lime was applied to the demo site in 2022.

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Lime application is a rapid way to treat soil acidity and improve productivity.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Liming is the application of soil conditioners, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime, or hydrated lime to the soil to raise its pH; thus, reduce its acidity. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)-rich materials are the most used – the Ca or Mg increase the base saturation in the soil hence neutralizing soil acidity that is often caused by the effects of acids from nitrogen (N) fertilizer, slurry, and high rainfall. Liming improves soil fertility by increasing the activity of beneficial earthworms and improving soil structure. It is a source of Ca, and by raising the pH of soils it increases uptake of plant nutrients.

The soil must be tested to determine its pH level. Lime should be applied to soils with pH levels below 5.0, but especially to soils with pH below 4.0 which are very acidic. High concentrations of acids decrease the availability of plant nutrients, especially phosphorous (P) and molybdenum (Mo) and increase the toxic effect of aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn). In addition, acidity causes some plant nutrients to be leached below the plant rooting zone.

A farmer must wear protective clothing, including face masks, goggles, gumboots, gloves, and an apron before working with lime. The best time to apply agricultural lime to any piece of land is during the dry season. The lime must be covered with soil immediately after application to prevent loss through evaporation, since it is highly volatile. If lime has to be applied during the rainy season, the farmer must apply the lime just before it starts to rain so that the rainwater can leach the lime into the soil. Agricultural lime can be applied in three ways:

a) Broadcasting with a spreader. The land must be ploughed immediately to cover the lime and to prevent loss through evaporation.
b) Band method: Lime is applied between crops if it was not applied before land preparation. The lime must also be covered with soil immediately.
c) Spot method: Lime is applied at the base of the crop (similar to top dressing). Similarly, the lime must also be covered with soil immediately.

Farmers like agricultural lime because it improves soil structure and larger particles are formed in a process called flocculation. In addition, lime binds the larger particles of humus producing a good crumb structure. This improves soil drainage by creating more air spaces. Thus, the soil become easier to cultivate and plant root growth is facilitated. One acre (0.4 ha) of land with a pH of below 4.0 requires 300-350 kgs of lime; a pH of between 4.0 and 5.0, requires 200–250 kgs.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

肯尼亚

区域/州/省:

Bungoma County in Western Kenya

有关地点的进一步说明:

Luuya Bwake Ward, Kabuchai Sub-county

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

否

注释:

There are not protected areas in the area where the technology is implemented.

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2022

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Introduced by the ProSoil Project under a Soil Health Programme.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林牧业

农田

• 一年一作
• 多年一作（非木材）
• 乔木与灌木的种植

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 谷物类 - 玉米
• 谷类 - 小米
• 豆科牧草和豆类 - 豆子
• legumes and pulses - lentils
• 油料作物 - 花生
• 根/块茎作物 - 红薯、山药、芋头/椰子，其他

年作制度:

玉米/高粱/谷子与豆类间作

多年生（非木质）作物 - 指定作物:

• 香蕉/芭蕉/蕉麻
• 饲料作物 - 草

乔木和灌木种植 - 指定作物:

• 鳄梨
• 水果、其他
• 芒果、山竹果、番石榴
• 木瓜

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Crops are grown during the long and short rain seasons.

采用间作制度了吗？:

是

如果是，说明哪些作物是间作的:

Maize/ millet and legumes (beans) or groundnuts.

采用轮作制度了吗？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Part of the land is left fallow during the short rains.

牧场

集约放牧/饲料生产:

• 收割和携带/零放牧
• 改良牧场

动物类型:

• cattle - dairy and beef (e.g. zebu)
• 家禽

是否实行作物与牲畜的综合管理？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Manure from livestock is applied to the crop field.

产品和服务:

• economic security, investment prestige
• 蛋类
• manure as fertilizer/ energy production
• 肉类
• 奶类

品种:

cattle - dairy and beef (e.g. zebu)

计数:

3

品种:

家禽

计数:

10

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

There is drip irrigation using plastic bottle for bananas.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A2：有机质/土壤肥力
• A3：土壤表面处理

管理措施

• M4：活动时间安排的重大变化
• M7：其它

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）
• Ca：酸化
• Cp：土壤污染

物理性土壤退化

• Ps：有机土壤沉降，土壤沉降

生物性退化

• Bs：质量和物种组成/多样性的下降
• Bl：土壤寿命损失

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

A lime spreader

作者:

Justine Otsyula

日期:

09/02/2022

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

A bag of lime

作者:

Justine Otsyula

日期:

09/02/2022

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

KES

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

124.21352

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

4.5 维护/经常性活动

注释:

No maintenance has been done so far.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

No maintenance has been done so far. The indicated costs are for information purposes. Reapplication is dependent on recommendations of soil testing. It is assumed that reapplication will require a smaller amount of lime than the initial application.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Rate of man-days and costs vary from one place to another, farmer to farmer, and with type of work. Costs for maintenance are subject to change with time.

Exchange rate for February 2023, source: European Commission/ InfoEuro online at https://commission.europa.eu/funding-tenders/procedures-guidelines-tenders/information-contractors-and-beneficiaries/exchange-rate-inforeuro_en

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The farm is located at an area that is higher in altitude compared to other areas in the larger area. The farmer's field lies at an elevation of 1,505 m above sea level.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

pH = 5.3, Cation Exchange Capacity = 59 mmol+/kg, nitogen = 9 g/kg, SOC = 14.1 g/kg

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

There are several boreholes in the area and according to interviews with some borehole owners, the depths are not more than 50 metres.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Most farms are under crops and trees; hence, the area has high agrobiodiversity.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

The above rating varies from one village to the other.

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

None noted

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

About 30 households

注释:

Still in demonstration stage.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Liming effects on soil pH and crop yield depend on lime material type, application method and rate, and crop species: a global meta-analysis

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free download at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327188728_Liming_effects_on_soil_pH_and_crop_yield_depend_on_lime_material_type_application_method_and_rate_and_crop_species_a_global_meta-analysis

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Soil Acidity and Liming

URL:

https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pnm10.pdf

标题/说明:

Bungoma County Integrated Development Plan, 2018-2022

URL:

Free download at https://www.devolution.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Bungoma-CIDP-2018-2022.pdf

7.4 一般注释

1. Provide a function to be able to link the documented SLM to similar work that has been documented in other databases e.g., LandPortal, etc.
2. Some of the impacts (section 6) cannot be quantified.