1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security (ProSo(i)l)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Alliance Bioversity and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (Alliance Bioversity-CIAT) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The technology restores degraded soil and reduces investment costs on chemical fertilizers.

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Vermicompost is the product of the decomposition process using various species of earthworms. It is a form of humus and is produced through worms digesting and excreting organic in their casts. Vermicompost has been shown to be an effective organic soil amendment, reducing the need for inorganic fertilizers.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Vermicomposting is the process by which worms convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like material known as vermicompost. The process is an aerobic, bio-oxidation, non-thermophilic process of organic decomposition that depends upon earthworms to fragment, mix and promote microbial activity. In making vermicompost, earthworms are very good at transforming dead plant material, and livestock droppings into excellent manure. The excrement of the worms has high nutrient levels and a growth‐promoting effect on plants. Earthworms are very sensitive to changes in moisture and temperature. They need a continuous food supply and protection from ants, birds, and chickens. Compared to ordinary compost making, it needs maximum care. For optimum management practices, vermicompost production must be located close to the homestead where livestock barns are usually located. Livestock droppings (especially those of horses and donkeys) are the best sources of feed in addition to plant biomass and other household refuses. Vermicompost production needs a bin in which the worms live. This holds the bedding and food scraps, regulates the amount of moisture and temperature in the bedding, and blocks light which is harmful to the nocturnal worms. Worm bins can be made from plastic or wooden materials. In Ethiopia, wooden boxes are preferred because they are more absorbent and provide better insulation.
Vermicompost reduces farmers’ investment costs on chemical fertilizers. It also has a sustainable role in restoring soil fertility, ameliorating soil acidity and rehabilitating degraded farmland – all of which are problems in the southwestern part of Ethiopia. In the farm where vermicompost is applied, newly transplanted seedlings, in the case of vegetables, remain green and resilient as the compost improves not only the nutrients but also the moisture content of the soil. According to the land users, annual and perennial crops such as horse beans (Vicia faba), wheat, cabbages and avocados grown under vermicompost do very well. Under ideal conditions, 1,000 earthworms can convert 45kg of wet biomass per week into about 25kg of vermicompost. Therefore, the size of production depends on the number of worms, supply of foods, availability of boxes, and associated management practices. In rows and spot application of vermicompost during planting the crop allows efficient and effective uses of the products.

Currently (2023) the government in the southwestern zones of Oromia Region is promoting vermicompost as a vital organic fertilizer. This signals a change in the public sector's and end-users’ mindset in the use of organic fertilizer as a reliable soil amendment, particularly in acid-prone areas. In general, compost restores soil fertility, increases crop production and improves the livelihood of the end users. While the initial cost of constructing the house and installing bins and worms is high, there is potential for the use of local materials. However, it demands considerable household labour for upkeep.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2020

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

ISFM+ project (Integrated Soil Fertility Management Project of the GIZ).

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

Vermicompost was applied to produce Faba beans under rainfed and vegetable production under irrigated conditions.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农畜综合管理
• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Chemical fertilizers trigger the soil to dry compared to vermicompost, which keeps the soil moist and the structure firm and coherent. This indicates relieving the degraded soil by changing its color and properties. Also, it allows an increase in the biodiversity of flora and fauna.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

ETB

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

53.12

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Constructing house or huts.	Anytime, preferable before the main cropping season.
2.	Build or purchase the worm bin/ boxes/structure with same function.	Anytime, preferable before the main cropping season.
3.	Purchase and/or introduce the worms.	Anytime, preferable before the main cropping season.
4.	Add the food and water to the box/structure.	Regularly, through monitoring the status of the worms in the bin/box.
5.	Monitor the surround from the predators and aerate the structure.	Regular monitoring is commendable.
6.	Harvest and dry the vermicompost for use.	When the worms feed on the feedstock and cast the compost (brown humus).

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor	PDs	183.0	200.0	36600.0	100.0
设备	Boxes	number	14.0	250.0	3500.0	100.0
其它	House with corrugated iron sheet	Lump sum	1.0	25000.0	25000.0	100.0
其它	Worms	kg	12.0	500.0	6000.0
技术建立所需总成本					71100.0
技术建立总成本，美元					1338.48

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

ISFM+ project of the GIZ covered some minor costs of a farmer.

注释:

Labour cost is estimated for a year, each with half a day for follow-up and care. The establishment price is just an estimation. A farmer can start with a few boxes: a couple or more boxes made of local materials that are less costly. Therefore, the estimation is based on the model farmer's approach since he used corrugated iron sheet roofed house and wooden boxes to establish the vermiculture/ vermicompost production center. Otherwise, locally available materials can be used to build hats and wooden structure with plastic lining to serve as boxes. Once established, the recurrent cost is limited to labor and some pesticides.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Labour to supply feedstock and provision of other related management practices.	It needs follow-up and supplying the feedstock throughout the year.

注释:

It demands supplying feedstock and water, protecting the worms from predators, and providing other management practices.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labor for follow-up and related practices	PDs	183.0	200.0	36600.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					36600.0
技术维护总成本，美元					689.01

注释:

Family must sources free labour at least for half a day throughout the year.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The cost is consistently changing. It might be attributed to the economic crisis and the growing inflation.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The altitude is also descending as one travel from highland to lowland agroecology.

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Species diversity has been improved with the application of compost to the farm.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

具体说明:

Land use right is half inherited, and the other half is self-appropriated but got approval from the local administration.

注释:

The land user appropriated some parts of his possession and has changed the marshy land to a farm where irrigation water is accessible.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

Vermicompost improves soil properties and related attributes to crop and the environment. Most of the assumptions made here are based on the knowledge and skills of SLM experts and land users than the empirical analysis because there is no such detailed data documented and available either by the land users or the project itself.

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

As the application of the technology is on a plot basis, assessing its off-site effects necessitates widespread adoption and application of the technology. This may need long terms and intensive follow-up.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		减少	好
季雨量	夏季	减少	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

As the technology is recently introduced, the level of awareness is low and it is in the pilot phase.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

其它（具体说明）:

Produced the boxes from local materials such as mud and posts.

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The land users and the district ISFM+ project focal person modified the boxes by building with a bunch of sticks plastered with mud to replace the priceless boxes made up of timbers.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Reduce investment costs on chemical fertilizers.
Partly replace the role of chemical fertilizers.
Improve soil fertility and reduces soil acidity.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Rehabilitate the degraded land and improve the biodiversity of flora and fauna.
Reduce risks of crop failure.
Creat employment opportunity

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labor demanding.	Engage family labor.
Shortage of biomass to supply feedstock.	Improve access to biomass supply and improve practical uses of crop residue and animal excreta.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of proper documentation by the land users inline with such comprehensive questions.	Promote the capacity of land users to document the various facets of the technology on land management, production, and other multiple pros and cons.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Organic Exchange. 2009. Soil Fertility Management: An introductory Fact-Sheet for Farmers and Projects.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free online

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

MoA. 2016. Technical Manual: Integrated Soil Fertility Management. SLMP Training Series 14. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free online

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Vermicomposting

URL:

https://composting.ces.ncsu.edu/vermicomposting-2/

7.4 一般注释

Similar to the other integrated soil fertility management practices /technologies, in this questionnaire, there are clearly irrelevant questions to this particular technology or too comprehensive to be addressed by the land users.