1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Land Use Based Mitigation for Resilient Climate Pathways (LANDMARC)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Sustainability & Resilience company (su-re.co) - 印度尼西亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

It can be declared a sustainable land management technology

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Approximately 20,000 hectares of degraded land is being rehabilitated land using assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting and agroforestry. The resultant secondary forests and agroforests will have high values for ecotourism, sequester substantial amounts of carbon, produce a range of in-demand commodities (e.g., coffee, spices), generate bioenergy, and offer improved ecosystem services.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

A partnership of local communities and governments is, in collaboration with international and national development organizations, donors and investors, rehabilitating approximately 20,000 hectares of degraded forest and agricultural land using assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting and agroforestry. The resultant secondary forests and agroforests will have high values for ecotourism, sequester substantial amounts of carbon, produce a range of in-demand commodities (e.g., coffee, spices), and generate bioenergy. They will also offer improved ecosystem services to Bali as a whole, which will be very valuable for the tourism industry, representing an opportunity for investment and payment for ecosystem services (PES).

In the first 20 hectares, around 1,600 trees were planted per hectare, consisting of Coffee Arabica Katimor and Local Avocado trees. In between, shrubs such as local cassava and root species already existed. The spacing followed recommendations from ICCRI (Indonesian Coffee and Cacao Research Institute) whereby 2-3 meters distance are placed in between coffee trees, with much further distances for the shade trees. For fertilization, local goat manure is primarily used and filled in the planting holes the size of 30cm x 30cm x 30cm.


Northeast Bali, Indonesia — which includes the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark — features approximately 135,000 ha of degraded land in the Government’s Forest Estate (‘Kawasan Hutan’), which is managed by the provincial government’s Forestry and Environment Agency (Dinas Kehutanan Dan Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Bali/DKLH).

The vegetation, soils and water resources are designated as ‘potentially’ to ‘very severely’ degraded on 463,500 hectares. This is steadily increasing owing to unsustainable forestry and farming practices. Local communities within and surrounding the Kawasan Hutan — among the poorest in Bali — are affected by droughts, flash floods, landslides and poor water quality.

The Geopark in Northeast Bali was established in 2012 on the active volcanic landscape of Mt Batur, which features not only unique and dramatic geological formations, protected forests and endemic flora and fauna but also 15 villages. Approximately 90% of the Geopark is classified as severely degraded owing to a lack of post-eruption rehabilitation and unsustainable farming practices. The Geopark received almost one million visitors in 2019.

The ten-year project will be implemented by a consortium consisting of Sustainability and Resilience Co. (a local NGO), Indonesian government (through DKLH), local university (Udayana), international research-in-development organization (CIFOR-ICRAF), specialist national research organizations, intergovernmental organization, larger private sector and investment partners, each bringing a specific set of skills and expertise.

The work will be carried out through four major components.

1. Establishment of a coordinated enabling environment through a multistakeholder forum of local governments, national and provincial government agencies, communities, larger private sector and project consortium members.

2. Co-designing and co-implementing models of integrated ecosystem and livelihoods restoration that suit local socio-economic and environmental conditions with staged expansion over the ten years.

3. Training communities, local small businesses and Government staff in co-design, establishment and management of restored, productive ecosystems and value chains.

4. Strengthening and further introducing partnerships between the community, public and private sectors in all aspects of the landscape, including co-developing and co-implementing an enabling investment environment for continuing financial flows.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2024

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Training communities, local small businesses, and Government staff in the co-design, establishment, and management of restored, productive ecosystems and value chains.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

注释:

Degraded or unproductive land in Wanagiri, Bali, Indonesia

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

注释:

Agroforestry

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Agroforestry practices

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地
• 适应土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

600.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Survey	Month 1-2
2.	Stakeholders Engagement	Month 3-4
3.	Climate Field School	Month 4
4.	Nursing Establishment	Month 5-7
5.	Initial Tree Plantation	Month 8
6.	Fertilizing and Biocides	Month 8
7.	Maintenance	Month 9-12
8.	Tree Planting	Month 13
9.	Fertilizing and Biocides	Month 13
10.	Maintenance	Month 14-17

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Workers and Researchers	1000	20.0	1000.0	20000.0
植物材料	Seedlings	500	40.0	500.0	20000.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Organic fertilizer	60	100.0	60.0	6000.0
施工材料	Nursery	1000	14.0	1000.0	14000.0
技术建立所需总成本					60000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					100.0

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

60000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Project donors and grants will cover all costs

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Fertilizer	Once per year
2.	Transportation, accommodation for fertilizing and stakeholders engagement	Once per year

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Transportation, accommodation in the 1st year	Package	1.0	250.0	250.0
劳动力	Transportation, accommodation in the 2nd year	Package	1.0	250.0	250.0
劳动力	Transportation, accommodation in the 2nd year	Package	1.0	250.0	250.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Goat manure in the 1st year	kg	400.0	0.2	80.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Chicken manure in the 1st year	kg	400.0	0.1	40.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Goat manure in the 2nd year	kg	400.0	0.2	80.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Chicken manure in the 2nd year	kg	400.0	0.1	40.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Goat manure in the 3rd year	kg	400.0	0.2	80.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Chicken manure in the 3rd year	kg	400.0	0.1	40.0
技术维护所需总成本					1110.0
技术维护总成本，美元					1.85

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

1110.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The project donors and grants will cover all the cost

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Climate or seasonal change will affect the fertilizing time and will affect the annual cost for fertilizer

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Andosols (volcanic soil)



Rich organic matter

Highly porous

Dark coloured

Developed from parent material of volcanic origin

Low pH

High porosity

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Wanagiri forest
67 plant species

Agroforestry systems involve growing crops and trees together, which can increase the overall biodiversity of the area.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

52.64% primary education



35.51% lower secondary and upper secondary



11.85% undergraduate and graduate school


Technical assistance





Employment

Markets





Energy

Road and transport

Drinking water and sanitation

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	适度

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Enabling environment for investment in tree-product supply chains

Readily investable business plans and economically viable restoration models targeting profitable species, such as Pongamia, Bamboo, Coffee

Carbon credits

A landscape of integrated restoration, bioenergy, and payment for ecosystem services.

At least 10,000 male and female farmers trained in assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting, climate-smart agroforestry, bioenergy and other productive practices.

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

Yes, they voluntarily did the tree planting

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 不断变化的市场

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

By applying intercropping, farmers will have more products variants, e.g. potatoes, chillies

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Quality germplasm from commercially viable nurseries (coffee, avocado, cassava, jackfruit, lamtoro)
Landscape restoration

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Community engagement
Carbon credits

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Reduced crops production due to lack of capacity and resources to maintain	Monitoring, evaluation, and maintenance

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Natural Disaster	Risk Mitigation

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

N/A

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Let's restore 43,000 ha of Bali

URL:

https://www.su-re.co/tree-planting

7.4 一般注释

Envision a revitalized Bali where degraded lands bloom once more, fostering sustainable farming, robust ecotourism, and enhanced ecosystem services.