1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Springshed revival through trenches and check dams is associated with a nature-based solution approach to reviving more than 20 springsheds. These were widened with the occasional construction of check dams to prevent rill erosion from the newly revived spring waters.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Trenches and check dams play a vital role in the implementation of the springshed revival technology in the picturesque hilly village of Lholing. This innovative approach to rejuvenating springsheds has extended its reach from the lush pasturelands above the village all the way down to the very first household of Lholing, resulting in the construction of approximately 20 ponds of varying sizes, replenished by springsheds. In some instances, the creation and expansion of these springsheds required the utilisation of mechanical excavators, emphasising the magnitude of the project.
The revitalised springsheds now produce an array of springs, each contributing water that eventually converges into a common tributary meandering towards the village. This valuable water is collected and stored in purposefully constructed water harvesting ponds, serving as a reliable source for kitchen garden irrigation and cattle feeding. While the primary objective was to address the pressing issue of drinking water scarcity in the community, it also yielded secondary benefits. These encompassed the provision of a drinking water source for the wildlife inhabiting the area, as well as supporting the irrigation needs of the kitchen garden. The implementation of check dams yielded additional advantages by mitigating rill and gully erosion and serving as effective filters for muddy spring water. This sustainable land management strategy was accomplished through a series of distinct activities. Firstly, an exhaustive survey and assessment of the springshed area was conducted to identify suitable locations for trenches and check dams. This process took into account factors such as the topography of the terrain, the hydrological dynamics, and the composition of the soil. Subsequently, a comprehensive plan and design was developed for the trenches and check dams, including their dimensions, spacing, and alignment. The involvement of experts and stakeholders during this stage ensured that the chosen design was optimal in terms of its effectiveness (Sameul, 2008).

The execution phase involved the excavation and shaping of the trenches according to the design, followed by the construction of check dams. Trenching are required in open areas (where there is no vegetation cover) to trap surface runoff and enhance infiltration. Trenches can be dug along contour lines in a staggered or continuous pattern. However, the size of the trench is determined based on the site conditions. The number of trenches/pits depends on size, annual precipitation and the slope gradient of the recharge area in smaller area. Wedge shaped trenches are recommended for open areas while staggered or continuous trenches are recommended on slopy areas. Trenches are recommended in larger open area, while pits these check dams were specifically devised to retain water and control its flow. As part of gully treatment and to increase water infiltration, check dams are constructed. Typically, walls or barriers were built using locally available materials such as stone, wood, or concrete.

The advantages and benefits derived from this technology are manifold. In addition to the aforementioned advantages associated with springsheds, the implementation of trenches and check dams significantly contributed to the preservation and conservation of the fertile topsoil, preventing its degradation and erosion. The land users in the village expressed contentment with the successful revival of the springsheds, recognising their multifaceted contributions. Furthermore, they were duly impressed by the check dams' efficacy in preventing soil erosion and their ability to filter muddy water, ensuring a reliable and clean water supply (RSPN, 2023).
The creation of the ponds was especially appreciated as they served as a convenient water source for grazing cattle in the nearby jungle. However, despite the numerous benefits, there was a sense of dissatisfaction among many villagers due to the increasing number of wild animals, including wild boar and deer that frequented the ponds to quench their thirst. This unexpected influx of wildlife posed a significant threat to farms located in close proximity to the open springsheds.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

不丹

区域/州/省:

Paro

有关地点的进一步说明:

Shaba, Lholing.

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

否

注释:

The technology does not interfere with any protected areas.

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2017

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

• To find another alternative source of water for cattle, laundry and other washing alternatives.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

农田

• 一年一作

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 谷类 - 水稻（湿地）

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

采用间作制度了吗？:

是

如果是，说明哪些作物是间作的:

Chilli intercropped with brinjal and beans.

采用轮作制度了吗？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Paddy harvest follows by winter vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage plantations.

牧场

粗放式放牧:

• 经营牧场

集约放牧/饲料生产:

• 收割和携带/零放牧

动物类型:

• 牛 - 奶制品

是否实行作物与牲畜的综合管理？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Farmyard manures are applied in the fields.

品种:

牛 - 奶制品

水道、水体、湿地

• 池塘、大坝
• 沼泽、湿地

主要产品/服务:

Many small patches of wetlands are there.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）
• 地下水管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S2：堤、岸
• S4：平沟、坑
• S7：集水/供水/灌溉设备

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

水质恶化

• Hq：地下水水质下降

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Design for the trenches as adapted from spring revival pilot site at Lholing, Paro

作者:

Water management Division

日期:

12/07/2023

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Bhutanese Currency (Ngultrum)

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

82.25

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The cost was borne 100 % by the government.

注释:

The machines was state owned property with least charges and cost estimated was only for the single structure. In case of Lholing several structures were constructed hoping for the spring revival.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

3.0

注释:

According the information given by a locality, the maintenance was coordinated and done by the local community with labour service without costing single penny.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most important factor that contributed to the huge cost was from machine hiring charges. The community usually cost minimum of Nu. 15000 in an hour and some of them can hire it counting the number of days.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land users of those places own two residences, when the extreme weather conditions occurred they move to lower land. The crises of cold winter and water scarcity were the highlighted issues faced by the farmers.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

The farmers of Lholing have to avail services like bank, health, technical assistance and education in Shaba as the households were less to get the government support.

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

水资源可用性和质量

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

Assessment of off site impact is mainly done through field monitoring and evaluations

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

气候灾害

水文灾害

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

Almost 20 individuals household has participated in implementation of the technology

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Sameul, M. P. (2008). Rejuvenation of water bodies by adopting rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging practices in catchment area-a case study

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Google Scholar

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

RSPN. (2023). Introduction of Check-dams in Wamrong.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free website

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Rejuvenation of water bodies by adopting rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharging practices in catchment area-a case study.

URL:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111679

标题/说明:

Introduction of Check-dams in Wamrong.

URL:

https://www.rspnbhutan.org/introduction-of-check-dams-in-wamrong/

7.4 一般注释

Although water scarcity remains an issue at Lholing, the implementation of this technology is intended to provide a solution.