1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

A high water table is favourable for digging shallow water wells for irrigation of cropland which increases production during the dry season.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Fish farming supported by availability of water is considered as profitable enterprise in Northern Uganda. Farmers use areas with either high water tables or swamps to locate the ground water recharged fish ponds and water for fish production and crop irrigation during the dry season.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Fish farming is a sustainable land management agricultural practice promoted by farmers on medium sized farms in Northern Uganda, where ground water supply in wetland is used to recharge at least three adjacent fish ponds for fish production during the wet and dry season with each pond established measuring 50 m long x 20 m wide and 1.5 m depth with the following inputs hoes, spades, panga, wheel barrow, feeds and labour. The sides of the ponds are grown with grassy vegetation to stabilize soil, as well as feed the fish. It is, therefore imperative that farmers who want to invest in such sustainable land management practice first seek professional advice from extension agents or from other experienced farmers, on post-harvest fish handling and preservation. In Northern Uganda, fish theft and poisoning are also rampant, especially where ponds are not properly guarded or fenced. The most costly aspects of pond fish farming include pond excavation, laboratory testing of water and surrounding soil properties; procurement of fries especially tilapia, fencing and procurement of fish feeds. The average cost of establishing each pond is approximately US$428; while putting fish firies establishment goes for an average of US$ 71 per pond.
It is important to note that at the beginning the capital investments are high; these include paying for construction and buying fish fries to put in the ponds. However, in the long term the benefits exceed the costs. This is because fish farming is a high value enterprise with potential to provide household food, nutrition and income security.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2000

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Received training from the extension agent.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

注释:

Land was under maize plantation, which was usually planted within one year before the implementation of the technology.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）
• 养蜂、养殖业、家禽业、养兔业、养蚕业等

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Grasses are allowed to grow to stabilise the levees.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Vegetation around the pond stabilize the soils which reduces erosion.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Due to vegetation growth around the fish ponds.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3500.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Excavation of soil for ponds	During the dry season
2.	Soil testing	During the dry season
3.	Water testing	Routine, dry and wet season
4.	Buying fries	Dry and wet season
5.	Stocking the fish	Wet season and dry season
6.	Feeding	Dry and wet season
7.	Planting around the pond	Dry and wet season

注释:

Planted vegetation can also be used as feed supplement.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Monthly persons days	persons	6.0	150000.0	900000.0	100.0
设备	Hoes	pieces	6.0	10000.0	60000.0	100.0
设备	Spade	peices	3.0	10000.0	30000.0	100.0
设备	panga	pieces	3.0	10000.0	30000.0	100.0
设备	Wheel barrow	piece	2.0	250000.0	500000.0
其它	Fish fries for 3 ponds	fries	3000.0	1000.0	3000000.0	100.0
其它	Soil tests	1	2.0	350000.0	700000.0	100.0
其它	water tests	1	2.0	380000.0	760000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					5980000.0
技术建立总成本，美元					1708.57

注释:

Soil and water tests are done twice before establishment and once after establishment.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Slashing	twice a year
2.	Feeding	Routine

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Persons days for feeding and slashing/ monthly	Persons	1.0	150000.0	150000.0	100.0
其它	Feeds monthly	Kilograms	15.0	4000.0	60000.0
技术维护所需总成本					210000.0
技术维护总成本，美元					60.0

注释:

Low costs for paying labour due to reduced workload.
Also equipment like hoe , spade, panga are purchased at the time of establishment so no need to incur more costs. Additional costs are incurred when they wear out. At the time of the interview, the land user had not incurred costs on buying tools for maintaining the technology.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour for establishing and maintaining the pond.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Situated in the wetland.

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

The farmer has put a drainage system and the levees long enough.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

注释:

The technology on a communal land owned by the family.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		减少	好
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	减少	好
年降雨量		减少	好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	非常好
陆地火灾	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

slightly negative at the time of establishment with purchase of labour, purchase of fish fries and lab testing but positive when workload reduces and its associated costs with the farmer harvesting and selling fish for income.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

Mostly those with some capital

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

More farmers were trained by National Agricultural Advisory services (NAADS) and Open Wealth Creation (OWC), acquired knowledge and skills and started on their own without material incentives.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Provides high benefits (income) in the short run.
Its replicable elsewhere by both small scale and large scale land users.
Uses recharged from under ground which is available all year round.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Good and sustainable technology. Does not require constant labour once its established. Low costs of labour required for routine and maintenance activities.
Can survive on planted vegetation to supplement fish feeds.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Requires high level sophisticated skills in water and soil testing / high costs.	Testing using local indicators.
Not fenced. Possibility of poisong the fish.	Fencing the fish pond and if possible employ a local secuirty guard.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Labour and capital intentive at the time of establishment/ Appropriate to the rich.	Link farmers to Agricultural loans and pay after selling fish.

7.1 信息的方法/来源