1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Land Development Department (Land Development Department) - 泰国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Centre of Excellence for Soil Research in Asia (CESRA)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

An urban community forestry park – the “Ked Forest Park” - has been established by a group of people who wanted to conserve and develop resources and the environment in Phra Pradaeng District. Planting and maintenance of indigenous, edible and medicinal plants are carried out.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The story started with a small group of people in the area of Khung Bang Krachao. These people wanted to conserve the environment and develop resources in Phra Pradaeng District in Samut Prakan Province under an urban community forest park – the “Ked Forest Park”. It is state property land within the Metropolis. The community leader gathered people to conduct activities on the basis of natural resources and environment conservation. Many activities take place. For example, garden beds are cleaned and weeds removed. Planting and maintenance are conducted for indigenous edible and medicinal plants. This also includes collecting seeds of indigenous plants for propagation. Then, these seedlings are transferred to be planted in the forest park of urban communities.
The main purpose of this best practice is to conserve and propagate indigenous plant varieties, to have green areas available in the form of urban community forests for environmental restoration, to prevent and treat soil and water pollution and to make land use sustainable in a brackish water ecosystem. Products are cooked for tourists in the name of "indigenous vegetables, and local food". Apart from being responsible for taking care of conserving soil and water resources and increasing green areas, people in this community also transfer experiences and knowledge. Therefore, Ked Forest Park is considered to be a prototype of developing green-areas by communities. Currently, Suan Pa Ked (Ked Forest Park) is under the supervision of the Royal Initiative and Special Project Bureau, The Royal Forest Department in the form of a green area conservation network. This is promoting the public to participate in managing Khung Bang Krachao green areas in line with the concept of the Royal Initiatives of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. There is cooperation between government agencies, the private sector and educational institutes. The participation of communities is most important because ultimately, the trees which everyone plants, will benefit them.
This area has the capacity to absorb a huge amount of carbon dioxide as reported by the Royal Forest Department. Due to these exceptional ecological benefits, it was recognized as "The Best Urban Oasis of Asia" by the Time Asia magazine in 2006.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2007

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology arises from land users’ innovation and is supported by external interventions and government agencies that acknowledge the value of technology to the community by providing resources, funding and supporting research and development.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 农业林学

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Main plants refer to local plants in the area, namely plants in mangrove forests which are tolerant to being brackish and salinity of natural water resources for more than 6 months per year. The plants grown are Cerbera odollam, Indian laurel, Bruguiera sexangul, Intsia bijuga, Thespesia populnea, cork tree and Copper pod.
2.	Secondary plants refer to edible plants for fruit trees and plants with edible leaves. These plants are tolerant to brackish conditions and salinity such as tamarind, neem, Cassod tree, Great morinda, Luna nut, Ardisia polycephala
3.	Medicinal plants thriving well under shade of big trees such as Piper Samentosum, Solanum incanum, Pandanus leaf, Cordyline fruticosa, Sea holly

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Deepen the garden ditch in the area of 2.56 ha	Bed	50.0	17.6	880.0	100.0
设备	Water pump	Machine	2.0	147.0	294.0	100.0
设备	Compost	Tonne	30.0	29.4	882.0	100.0
设备	15-15-15 chemical fertilizer	Sack	20.0	29.4	588.0	100.0
设备	Lime	Tonne	10.0	88.2	882.0	100.0
设备	500 liter plastic bucked	BucKed	5.0	58.8	294.0	100.0
设备	Water salinity meter	Machine	2.0	29.4	58.8	100.0
设备	8 inch PVC with the length of 3 meters	Piece	3.0	29.4	88.2	100.0
植物材料	Plant varieties including planting labor costs in the area of 2.56 ha	Tree	10000.0	0.15	1500.0	100.0
其它	Materials used in building the nursery including labor costs	Square meters	20.0	29.4	588.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					6055.0
技术建立总成本，美元					6055.0

注释:

External organizations and government agencies contribute by offering essential financial and technical support to local communities.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	weed removal
2.	fertilizer application
3.	tillage
4.	planting for repairing and maintaining trees in the cultivation plot

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Management during planting and maintenance (1 year)	Force	1.0	352.8	352.8	100.0
其它	Electricity costs	USD	12.0	14.7	176.4	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					529.2
技术维护总成本，美元					529.2

注释:

External organizations and government agencies contribute by offering essential financial and technical support to local communities.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

1. Labour cost
2. Agricultural materials costs
3. Construction materials costs

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

The soil is Samutprakarn soil series (Sm), soil series group 3. The parent material of soil is derived from marine sediments mixing with alluvial sediments. Soil reaction is moderately acidic to moderately alkaline (pH 6.6-8.0). The limitation factor of land-use is saline soil and be flooded by sea water.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

land-use is flooded by sea water

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

频繁

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

The area features a unique geography and environment, located within a horseshoe-shaped bend of the Chao Phraya River, which forms a natural buffer between urban Bangkok and its surroundings. This distinctive setting fosters a diverse range of aquatic, riparian, and terrestrial ecosystems, supporting a rich array of plant and animal life. Additionally, the region encompasses various habitats, including mangroves and wetlands that serve as vital refuges for numerous bird species, fish, and amphibians. The forested areas, with their abundance of native tree species, provide essential shelter and food for many wildlife species.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	旱季	减少	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
This technology contributes to environmental preservation and mitigates the burden of annual land ownership taxes, thereby promoting sustainable land use.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technology aids in preserving soil and water fertility, restoring the environment, and sustainably expanding forested areas within urban communities.
Incorporating native plants and maintaining natural habitats can enhance biodiversity.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology has a relatively low economic return.	Developing land use practices in agriculture, fisheries, livestock, and other sectors is crucial.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology significantly impacts the environment, however, its importance is not fully recognized by the community.	It is essential to develop more diverse land use patterns in agriculture, environmental management, and the tourism industry to generate income and ensure sustainable land use.
Low adoption of people around the project plot.	Increase local engagement and interest by host workshops or information sessions to introduce the project, explain benefits, and address any concerns from locals.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Sustainable soil management practices in Asia

URL:

https://e-library.ldd.go.th/library/Ebook/bib10906.pdf