1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Soil and water protection (EU-SOWAP)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

24/02/2005

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Crop establishment with minimal soil disturbance

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Direct drilling replacing the plough. Residue from previous crop retained and new crop planted with minimal soil disturbance.

Purpose of the Technology: cost and labour reduction.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: good residue managament without burning; appropriate equipment for soil type.

Natural / human environment: weather, soil, farmer attitude

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

注释（项目类型等）:

Canada + UK

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of organic matter which is making soils more difficult to work

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Wheat - oilseed rape -wheat - sugar beet. However the rotation is flexible. It should be noted that only the combinable crops (wheat and oilseed rape) are direct drilled

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 330, Longest growing period from month to month: Sept - Jul

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.245 m2.
Single farm of 316ha

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: poverty / wealth (economic viability), labour availability (loss of labour)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, improvement of ground cover, increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, improvement of soil structure, increase in soil fertility

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: crop residue
Quantity/ density: 4 t/ha
Remarks: chopped and spread evenly

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

£

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

0.56

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Spray with glyphosate	农业学的	after harvest and ~1 week before drilling / annual
2.	Drilling	农业学的	6-8weeks after harvest / annual
3.	Harrow (up to 2.5cm deep)	农业学的	immediately after drilling / annual
4.	Roll	农业学的	immediately after harrowing / annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	73.0	73.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					73.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: John Dale direct drill, roller, harrow
This amount is for crop establishment costs only and may vary depending on crop type, state of the soil and climate. The cost includes machinery + labour. In comparison, the crop establishment costs for a conventionally mouldboard ploughed system is $239.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

soil moisture

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltrations is good. Also medium (ranked 2) and poor (ranked 3)
Soil water storage capacity is high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: negative
25% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
25% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: Recent diversification to a great extent than neighbours

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
1 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: Direct drilling is still regarded with some suspicion in fthe UK, partly due to wet conditions, grass weed problems and machniery. However, economic pressures and changes to legislation may increase the trend

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
reduced work load
improvements to soil condition and the environment
improved trafficability (on the land)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
improved soil cover and fertility
improved biodiversity above and below ground
reduced work load
good fit in current (and future) policy environment
farmers become better managers of their entire farming system

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
occurrence of rain after drilling (more susceptible to wet conditions at this time compared to ploughing)	ability to loosen the soil if required
higher management imput	better advice
higher cost of sprays	better rotations and other cutural methods of managing weeds
untidy fields	research, demonstration and advice
lack of knowledge and experience	research, demonstration and advice

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
weed management	better rotations, better fertiliser placement, better targetting of susceptible stages in weed lifecycle
lack of information	more on-farm research + demonstration for now and the future especially to develop economically viable rotations, more applicable herbicide labelling
farmers conservatism	more demonstrations
susceptibility to wet autumns (coping with wet residue)	more reliable weather forecasts
weather dependent

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Controlled traffic farming project

URL:

www.controlledtrafficfarming.com

标题/说明:

John Dale drills

URL:

www.daledrills.com

标题/说明:

SOWAP project

URL:

www.sowap.org