1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Soil and water protection (EU-SOWAP)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust - 英国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

02/11/2004

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Surface cultivation of the top 10cm of soil but not complete inversion

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

machinery with discs or tines replace the plough.

Purpose of the Technology: (i) improved crop establishment particularly by speeding up of operations (ii) improved soil structure.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: appropriate machinery, soil condition and following crop all determine establishment.
Maintenance: on an annual basis.

Natural / human environment: farmer working to protect environment and maintain rural employment

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

注释（项目类型等）:

From the USA where in te 1930's the 'dust-bowls' necessitated the development of soil conservation in intensive agriculture

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Water turbidity, compaction, erosion

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Compaction

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: wheat - oilseed rape - wheat - beans. Typically these will be winter-sown (Sept) crops rather than spring sown (March)

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 330Longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Aug

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 最小的土壤扰动

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1.46 m2.

This represents 60% of the total arable area on the farm

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Pc: compaction

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wo: offsite degradation effects, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, improvement of soil structure, increase in soil fertility

Mulching
Material/ species: crop residue
Quantity/ density: 5 t/ha
Remarks: dispersed over soil surface

Mineral (inorganic) fertilizers
Material/ species: NPK
Quantity/ density: 0.14 t/ha
Remarks: broadcast

Rotations / fallows
Material/ species: cereals/ broad-leaved crops
Remarks: alternate years

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: localised

Minimum tillage
Remarks: using discs and tines

Breaking compacted subsoil
Remarks: localised

Deep tillage / double digging
Remarks: localised

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UK pounds (£)

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

0.56

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Year1: chop straw as low to the ground as possible	农业学的	at harvest (usually August) / annual
2.	Year1: incorporate straw to 10cm depth, though this is dependent on density of straw	农业学的	September / per crop
3.	Year1: additional cultivation	农业学的	early October / per crop
4.	Year1:drilling (4cm depth)	农业学的	early October / once per crop
5.	Year1: consolidation (more in Annex 3)	农业学的	early October / once per crop

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	204.0	204.0	100.0
设备	Machine hours (year 2)	ha	1.0	184.0	184.0	100.0
设备	Machine hours (year 3)	ha	1.0	236.0	236.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					624.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Simba Solo, Cambridge rollers, Vaderstad drill

Per hectare of land where technology applied. The costs represent the total crop establishment costs (machinery + labour) for this technology. Other costs eg seeds, fertiliser, are not included as these are identical to those incurred by other technologies (UNK1b) at this farm. These costs are related to the prevailing conditions - crop type, state of the soil, climate etc. Crop establishment costs by ploughing were: 224 (year1), 204 (year2), 263 (year3)

Additional info: - Year2: chop straw as low to the ground as possible: after harvest / annual - Year2:incorporate straw to 10cm depth, though this is dependent on density of straw: September / per crop - Year2: additional cultivation: March / per crop - Year2: drilling (2.5-4cm depth): March / once per crop - Year3:chop straw as low to the ground as possible: after harvest / annual - Year3: incorporate straw and relieve compaction of soil: October / per crop - Year3: additional cultivation: October / per crop - Year3: drill (2.5-4cm depth): October / once per crop - Year3: consolidation: October / once per crop

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Equipment costs, slope (higher horse power required for steeper slopes), presence of weeds (higher herbicide costs),

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes (some slopes < 8%)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

50% of the land users are rich and own 60% of the land.
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The time saved by practising non-inversion tillage (52 minutes/ha) allows the land manager to undertake contracted work on other farms

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

• Trust

• Trust

• Trust

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

1 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Currently 40% of UK farmers practice non-inversion tillage mainly for economic reasons

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Timely crop establishment + good work rate How can they be sustained / enhanced? good planning
Lower costs How can they be sustained / enhanced? Increased acreage to spread costs
Increased contractor income How can they be sustained / enhanced? as above
improved soil structure - higher organic matter and provision of a better seed bed to drill into How can they be sustained / enhanced? continue with practice

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
cost effectiveness How can they be sustained / enhanced? increase ares under cultivation (economy of scale)
increased work rate
improved soil quality How can they be sustained / enhanced? continuation of current soil management principles
increased biodiversity How can they be sustained / enhanced? price premium for biodiversity-friendly products
improved water quality How can they be sustained / enhanced? no option. The EU Water Framework Directive requires watercourses to be of good status by 2015

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
narrow weather window	drill non-inversion tillage fields first
grass weeds	crop rotation; new herbicide modes of action
slug management	monitoring slug populations
large acreage required to justify cost of machinery	consider not cropping headlands

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Grass weed control	New herbicide modes of action, more integrated management options
Untidy appearance of field (due to crop residue)	Familiarity with the technology

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Guide to managing crop establishment, SMI

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.smi.org.uk

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Improved soil management for agronomic and environmental gain, SMI

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.smi.org.uk

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

ECAF website

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.sowap.org