1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ethiopia (MoA) - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is an allignment of stones embankment at the lower/downslope of the trench dug to form earth embankment following a contour.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Description: digging of foundation, stone wall constructionof 60-80 m, digging of trench along the contour Purpose: decrease soil erosion, moisture harvesting, decrease slope length, reduce runoff velocity and increase productivity per unit area Establishment/Maintenance: planting of fodder trees and integrate with biological measures Environment: enhance to grow natural grasses and vegetation, minimize desertification, recharge ground water and improve local climate

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Developed in the region

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Decline of soil fertility and productivity, soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Decrease in production, low moisture content of the soil, drought and deforestation

Plantation forestry: deforestation

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Basically the forest land is open wood/shrub cover and used for grazing/browsing at the same time
Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 32 m2.

This data is based on the Adet Naedir office of Agriculture and Natural Resources

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: better crop cover, manure / compost / residues, mineral (inorganic) fertilizers, contour tillage

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ca: acidification

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope length, increase of infiltration, water harvesting / increase water supply

Better crop cover
Material/ species: teff, sorghum

Agronomic measure: row planting
Material/ species: maize
Quantity/ density: 45,000/ha
Remarks: planting on rows along the contour

Contour tillage
Remarks: farmers plow their land along the contour

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 100-150
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1m
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 20-25m
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2.5 m
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Trees/ shrubs species: leucanea, sesbanea

Grass species: local grasses

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 12.00%

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 20-25m
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3m
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.75m
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 60-80m

Structural measure: bund / bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1m
Spacing between structures (m): 20-25m
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.75m
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.75m
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.75m

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	seedling production	植物性的	Dec.-June
2.	seedling planting	植物性的	June-July
3.	collection of stones	管理	dry season
4.	placing of stones	管理	dry season
5.	digging of trench	管理	dry season
6.	embanking of soil	管理	dry season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	118.0	118.0	100.0
设备	Animal traction	ha	1.0	20.0	20.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	2.0	2.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	6.25	6.25	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	ha	1.0	33.75	33.75	100.0
其它	Other cost	ha	1.0	17.5	17.5	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					197.5

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 48 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	plowing	农业学的	March-July / 3-4 times
2.	sowing	农业学的	June-July / Once
3.	Weeding	农业学的	July-August / twice
4.	harvest	农业学的	Oct.-Dec. / once
5.	Replanting	植物性的	July /once

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	10.5	10.5	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					10.5

注释:

Machinery/ tools: crawbar, hammer, shovel, digging hoe

length of the structure and tree seedlings per hectar

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour, slope

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms: Hill slopes coer a larger area of the woreda but there are also footslopes and plateaus/plains
Slopes on average: Also Rolling and moderate

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Also very shallow and moderately deep
Soil texture: Also coarse/light and fine/heavy
Soil fertility is low. Also very low and medium
Topsoil organic matter: Low (this data is based of physical observation on crop performance)
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium. Also good and poor
Soil water storage capacity is low. Also medium, very low.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%; 3%
10% of the land users are rich and own 15% of the land.
40% of the land users are average wealthy and own 45% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 25% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: daily labourer in town, food for work
Level of mechanization: Manual labour and animal traction (oxen plow)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

109035 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: some individual farmers are applying the technology on their farm land by their own.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
increase in productivity How can they be sustained / enhanced? continous maintenance,
increase soil fertility How can they be sustained / enhanced? integrate biological SWC measures
increase fodder availability How can they be sustained / enhanced? planting of fooder trees and grass species on the enbankments

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
decrease soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? By integrating area closure on the up slopes and incorporate biological SWC
moisture harvesting
increase production
enhance vegetation growth
decrease runoff velocity

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
loss of cultivated land	increase the land productivity by incorporating biological measures in the system

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
labour intensive	mobilization of the community
hinder farm operation	enlarge the spacing between bunds