1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Stone faced soil bund is an embankemt constructed along the contour by the use of stone and soil as a construction material.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is used in areas where there is no sufficient amount of stone and when the soil depth is shallow. It is established by digging soil and form the embankment. The stone is used at the downslope side for reinforcing the structure. Vegetation is planted on the upper part where there is soil. The purpose is to reduce runoff, decrease slope length, increase infiltration rate and then minimize soil erosion. The structure requires maintenance regularly. Since the stone walls are offten made of small stones, which are not stable. In order to properly stablize the structure livestock should not be allowed to graze on where the structure are placed. Checking for breaks after heavy storms and repair the breaks if any enhances the formation of bench terraces fast.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

Amhara, South Gonder Zone

有关地点的进一步说明:

Mukur, Shelo, Gomit

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 12.51 km2.

hand tools and seedling transportation support is from GTZ and IFSP

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

from other regions, which started it first.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作
• 多年一作（非木材）

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 谷类 - 高粱
• 谷类 - 小麦（春季）
• 豆科牧草和豆类 - 其他

• teff

• Grasses, sesbenia, vetiver, bana, grass green gold

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec

牧场

粗放式放牧:

• 半游牧畜牧业

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): overgrazing, land degradation, population pressure

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): low productivity, erosion

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: free grazing

Grazingland comments: The size of livestock is decreasing because of shortage of land and poor fodder availablity.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: legumes, teff, wheat, sorghum

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀
• Wg：冲沟侵蚀/沟蚀

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), overgrazing, other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), labour availability (lack of labour), land subdivision

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (lack of captial), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

mhara

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length

Agronomic measure: Planting on bunds
Material/ species: Grasses, sesbenia, vetiver

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: from cow dung & green materials

Contour tillage
Remarks: Traditional farm tools

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 4500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.05
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.7

Trees/ shrubs species: sesbania treclucern

Grass species: vetiver, bana, grass green gold

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 2
Spacing between structures (m): 20
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3-0.4
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6-1
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 110
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5-0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6-1
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 110

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 5%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level - area closuer on small size

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

8.6

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

it is for stone faced soil bund construction

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

availability of stone, slope, soil depth

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (mid altitudes, ranked 1) and 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l. (better rainfall, ranked 2)
Landforms: Footslopes (big and deep gullies exist, ranked 1) and hill slopes (small gullies, ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Rolling (medium soil depth, ranked 1), moderate (deep soil, ranked 2) and hilly (shallow soil, ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Shallow (gentle slopes, ranked 1) and very shallow (highly steep slopes, ranked 2)
Soil texture: Medium (rolling, ranked 1) and coarse/light (helly, ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium (ranked 1) and low (ranked 2)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (ranked 1, flat terrain) and low (on all land, ranked 2)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
and own 11% of the land.
and own 72% of the land.
and own 27% of the land.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

4 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

75% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

4 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: moderate

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源