1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan (MoA) - 厄立特里亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

16/10/2003

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Localization of erosion processes and moisture accumulation by creation haloxylon strips in pastures of north desert

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

1. Pasture-protective haloxylon strips are created by sowing of seeds or planting of seedlings. Strips are three-row with 3 m spacing and 3 m distance between plants.
2. Strips are destined to accumulate a precipitation, decrease wind velocity and localize degradation centers in pastures.
3. Getting the additional feed for agricultural animals and fuel for people .
4. Not more than 500 ha is introduced in South Pribalkhashye.
5. The value of 1 ha of strips is 5500 tenge taking into account a preparation of soil, collection of seeds and sowing. The value of 1 ha of strips, made by planting of seedlings is 7200 tenge.
6. This technology is recommended in north Kazakhstan desert.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

SPC for livestock Husbandry and Veterinary of RK

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The formation of erosion centers in pastures

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Worsening of abode ecological conditions, forced migrations, increasing of feed capacity of pastures

Grazingland comments: Continuous grazing and unrestricted pasture pressure result in critical situation of degradation at sites around villages and open reservoirs

Type of grazing system comments: Continuous grazing and unrestricted pasture pressure result in critical situation of degradation at sites around villages and open reservoirs

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 170; Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Oct; Second longest growing period in days: 45; Second longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Oct

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 防风林/防护林带

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 5 km2.

Now the strips created before 1991 remain on hand

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Type of agronomic measures: early planting, minimum tillage, deep tillage / double digging

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technology of creation of saxaul pasture protective strips

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase / maintain water stored in soil

Secondary technical functions: reduction in wind speed

Early planting
Material/ species: seeds
Quantity/ density: 25-30kg/ha
Remarks: at right angle to wind direction

Minimum tillage
Remarks: at seeding

Deep tillage / double digging
Remarks: at planting

Aligned: -against wind
Number of plants per (ha): 35-40 thousand units
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Other species: haloxylon 35-40 thousand units

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Soil preparation	植物性的	spring
2.	Planting	植物性的	spring
3.	Cultivating of spacing areas from second year of haloxylon	植物性的	2 times in year – spring and autumn

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Soil preparation, planting and cultivating	ha	1.0	9.0	9.0
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	13.0	13.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	250.0	250.0
技术建立所需总成本					282.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Soil surface treatment	农业学的	spring / 1 time.
2.	Sowing	农业学的	spring / 1 time.
3.	Soil packing	农业学的	spring / 1 time.
4.	Planting	农业学的	spring / 1 time.
5.	Cultivating of spacing areas	植物性的	spring and autumn /each year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

For protection from hot wind for the space 1km

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

value of petrol.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 490-510 m a.s.l

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Dust content is up to 80% in autumn

Soil texture (topsoil): Light serozems clay sand

Topsoil organic matter: 0.8-1.2%

Soil fertility is very low since the humus content is 0.8-1.2%

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium beacuse of crushed stone base

Soil water storage capacity is very low. In spring 17-21%, in autumn the producing moisture is lacking

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: With time the plantings can be used as fuel for community people

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

440 households in an area of 5 km2 (50-100 persons/km)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

430 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

40% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

10 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: all of groups of community people are interested in use of the technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
increase of pasture capacity
improvement of ecological conditions in places of abode
increase of living standards

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
shortening of possibilities of dust storms in degraded pastures How can they be sustained / enhanced? all advantages can be sustained for 30 and more years
possibility of fuel storage in woodless areas of desert
increase of pasture capacity
Influence on culture standard of people