1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO Food and Agriculture Organization) - 意大利

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Improving soil fertility for both animal and perennial crops on flat area using mulching.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

It involves use of vegetative materials spread on the surface of the soil such as grass , crop residues and banana leaves.


Perennial crops are grown such as coffee, banana under this technology.

Purpose of the Technology: Of applying mulching was improve soil fertility to control soil erosion , improve soil structure.


Mulching applied also to increase agriculture outputs to improve the income among the farmers.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Mulching was initiated through community meetings held at local level.

Labor is used for clearing weed and cutting of grass for covering the surface of the soil.

Hoes, pandas are used as inputs for maintenance activities.
When the vegetative materials decompose like after one year, he cuts new grass for more covering of soil or spreading of vegetative materials to soil.

Natural / human environment: This village where the technology is applied, is located on gentle slope and other part is on flat area. It favors the growth of annual and perennial crops.
They receive two rainy seasons , one from March to late May; another one from mid August to December. This village also has 170 households . 45% of the members practice mulching , they grow crops for commercial and subsistence purpose. Both men and women are involved in all the activities.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was initiated in 1986 by local farmers through community meetings.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): There is loss of top soil due to leaving soil bare , water can easily wash the soil from one place to another.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Deforestation and monoculture due to poverty among some farmers.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Cp: Perennial (non-woody) cropping

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Crops which grow for one or two years are grown.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

注释:

Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: mulching

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: soil management (soil was not covered with grass.)

Secondary causes of degradation: change in temperature (Reduces micro-organisms due to high temperature.), poverty / wealth (Deforestation purposely to earn a living.)

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Buy hand hoe
2.	Buy panda
3.	Labour
4.	Buy vegetative materials

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	25.0	25.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	6.3	6.3	100.0
植物材料	Grass	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					81.3
技术建立总成本，美元					81.3

注释:

Lifespan of the products:
Hand hoe: 7 years
Panda: 4 years
Labour: 4 months
Vegetative materials: 4 months

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Clearing weed
2.	Adding more vegetative materials

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	25.0	25.0	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
植物材料	Grass	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					125.0
技术维护总成本，美元					125.0

注释:

Length of structure.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor was also expensive , which affects the cost.eg. for cutting grass for mulching.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1233.3 & 1633.2 m.a.s.l

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: Medium (Crops on it grow well due to drained soil)
Soil fertility: High (Because crops mature faster and of good quality)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (ranked 1, due to high rates decomposition of crop residues on soil) and low (ranked 2, on parts of the land without spreading vegetative material on it)
Soil drainage / infiltration: Medium (ranked 1, due to presence of micro-organisms that creates holes on soil) and poor (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: High (the area has loam soil which favor water to stay in the soil)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: 5-50m (This village is on flat land)
Availability of surface water: Poor/none (ranked 1, especially in dry season) and medium (ranked 2, during rainy season (heavy rains))
Water quality (untreated): Good drinking water (they have two boreholes in the whole village)

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Biodiversity: Low (ranked 1, micro-organisms become scarce during heavy rainfall) and medium (ranked 2, moderate temperature ,crops grow well & bacteria present)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
25% of the land users are rich and own 65% of the land (Inputs available).
75% of the land users are poor and own 35% of the land (They lack inputs).
Off-farm income specification: Traders especially retailers' income ranging in 50%.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour (It involves use of light labour)
Market orientation: Mixed (ranked 1, grown for commercial & home consumption) and subsistence (ranked 2, production is on small scale,especailly perennial crops)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

Few farmers own land without tittles, water use rights is communal and farmers without land tittle pay some money to land lord 3500/= every year.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.4 成本效益分析

注释:

In establishment benefits were low , and gradually became slightly positive compared to maintenance costs.

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

62 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Farmers improvise inputs ,however much some of them are financially poor, they do utilize the little they poses to implement.

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Depending on the information from this respondent, he said that adoption is still little , due to lack of enough financial resources, to transport vegetative material to garden.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Improve soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Combination of technology should be applied(mulching & composting).
Increase production outputs. How can they be sustained / enhanced? monitoring and evaluation activities should be conducted.
Reduces soil erosion.
It improves soil aeration. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Mulch constantly.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It improves soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Combination of technology should be applied.
It increases water holding capacity of the soil. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Develop permanent attitude towards technology among farmers.
Improve soil structure. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintenance activity should be encouraged.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It is very costly to some farmers.	External financial support should be provided.
It may lead to compaction of soil.	Mulch with soft vegetative materials.
It may lead to competition for soil nutrients &light.	Avoid to mulch with weedy materials.
Mulches develop roots and become weed.	Mulch with the good vegetative materials.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It is very expensive in terms of maintenance and establishing.	Financial support should be provided.
It may easily catch fire during suuny period.	Constant monitoring of the site.
Mulches become habitats for pests like rats and termites.	Spraying with some chemicals like rocket.

7.1 信息的方法/来源