1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO Food and Agriculture Organization) - 意大利

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of agriculture, animal industry and fisheries (MAAIF) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Fallowing in the cultivated land that is left unseeded for one or more growing seasons , to regain fertility for crops and its on a hill slope.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Fallowing is a practice of leaving land unseeded for a long time so that the soil regains its fertility which will enable the growing of crops. It also consists of a series of ploughings and its continued until the land is cleaned ,which favors crops to be cultivated. And primary cultivation involves breaking top layer then the second phase is to clean up the garden for crops to be cultivated. Fallowing is basically practiced to improve on soil fertility so that productivity is high.

Purpose of the Technology: The technology helps the soil to increase nutrients which will later be beneficial to crops.
Its used to increase on its productivity and this implies that the income will positively change .
Also for fertility purposes which will allow good growth of crops.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Inputs: hoes, pangas, forked hoes and a spade for collecting soil from trenches around the fallowed place. These trenches help to trap water for future use in the garden.
Establishment: The nature of the soil to be fallowed first ploughing is in dry season. This is done around April.
Maintenance: This is maintained by forming weeds into compost for manure.
The vegetation is checked until the process of ploughing is done on the cultivated land and is repeated after harvest , then fallow is practiced depending on crops to be planted in the next season. Through efficient weeding during their growth is maintained.

Natural / human environment: Natural environment: the area is on a hill slope toward foot slope of hills and experiences annual rainfall of about 1000-1500mm.Its soil texture is loam/medium and shallow, this implies that soil drainage infiltration is good and water storage is high which indicates that soil fertility is good.
Human environment: land ownership is individual , but the land user does not have a land tittle, water use rights is communal and organized though people do not follow rules. Production is based on subsistence and surplus is for commercial.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

This technology was introduced by Africa 2000 Netowrk (http://www.africa2000network.org/) with aim to improve/introduce sustainable land management technologies in the region

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil fertility decline caused by erosion

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Soil erosion caused by poor land management

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Crops are mainly for eating and they sell the surplus.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: management measures

Type of agronomic measures: rotations / fallows

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: soil management (inapropriate land management techniques), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), change of seasonal rainfall, land tenure (their plots are not tittled)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Shillings

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

2600.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Purchase tools (Hoes, forks, panga)

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
设备	Panga	Piece	1.0	1.5	1.5	100.0
设备	Hoes	Piece	1.0	8.7	8.7	100.0
设备	Forks	Pice	1.0	8.4	8.4	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					18.6
技术建立总成本，美元					0.01

注释:

Lifespan of the tools is two years

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Putting of manure	between dry to wet season
2.	Weeding	wet season

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	5.7	5.7	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	7.9	7.9	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					13.6
技术维护总成本，美元					0.01

注释:

Machinery/ tools: hand hoes, pangas, and forked hoes.

The calculation is current for 2011.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Soil depth is hard to reach because of stony soils.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (1869m.a.s.l.)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Shallow (This enables the growth of crops)
Soil texture: Medium (Mixed with stones favorable for crop growing)
Soil fertility: Medium (Keeps soil fertile and increase in productivity is seen)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (Plants grow very well)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good (Retention of water for a long time)
Soil water storage capacity: High (Storage of drainage water is good)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Water quality (untreated): Good drinking water (Spring water which is good for drinking)

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

no species.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: women mainly do the cultivation.
Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
2% of the land users are very rich (Income outside their farms.).
20% of the land users are rich and own 26% of the land (few from farm & others off farm.).
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 49% of the land (a living is got from framing.).
10% of the land users are poor and own 21% of the land (few basic needs are affordable.).
8% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land (its hard to meet basic needs.).
Off-farm income specification: The land is small therefore money got is from outside the farm.
Level of mechanization: Manual work (Use of hoes, pangas, forked hoes.etc.)
Market orientation of production system: Mixed (products are both commercial and subsistence)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

注释:

Land is individually owned while water is communal and organized with rules governing the springs.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

100

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

注释:

50% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

50 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: Seedlings were given to farmers and advice on how to space crops among others.

50% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

50 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: It was voluntarily adopted.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: most of the land users have acquired the technology.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
There is a reduction in soil erosion. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Construction of trenches in their gardens which reduces heavy rain water.
Increasing fertility rates. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Supplementing crops with manure which is composited.
Increased production is realized. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Technology should be improved through spraying.
Improved harvests when comparing before the technology and after.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Peoples way of living has changed due to increased income. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Continuous practicing of new technologies and SLM methods.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Conflicts among neighbours arising from domestic animals grazing on the gardens.	Need for harmony, good neighborliness and discipline towards peoples' property.
Pests like rats , insects and birds are greatly affecting crops	Spraying is the best method to overcome pests.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of fencing their gardens.	By fencing.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kagera TAMP website

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/en/