1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Retention ditches, also called infiltration ditches, are larger ditches designed to catch and retain all incoming runoff for infiltration into the soil.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Retention ditches, also called infiltration ditches, are larger ditches designed to catch and retain all incoming runoff for infiltration into the soil. They operate like contour furrows, increasing the supply of water made available to crops planted in and adjacent the ditch, while also reducing soil erosion. However, they handle much more water. Retention ditches are in essence water harvesting and conservation structures

Purpose of the Technology: They are commonly used as an alternative to diversion ditches if there is no places to discharge runoff or if there is a need , as in semi –arid areas , to harvest water , e.g. for bananas.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: When constructing the ditches, the soil is thrown to the lower side to form an embankment that prevents soil from falling back in. This structure can be stabilized further by planting grass on it. On soils with lower infiltration rate, or on slopes, the ends can be left open to allow excess water to drain out.

Natural / human environment: Retention ditches are normally constructed on relatively flat areas with closed ends and wide and deep enough to hold all the runoff expected. They are often found on steep slopes in humid area under small scale farming where there is no opportunity to discharge runoff to a waterway. Retentions ditches can be useful where soils are permeable, deep and stable. However, retention ditches are not recommended for areas with shallow soil, those prone to land slides or where soil salinity is a possibility.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

肯尼亚

区域/州/省:

Eastern

有关地点的进一步说明:

Mbeere

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

Retention ditches technology not practiced by many farmers although some collaborate with the local agricultural extension officer from the ministry of Agriculture to show them the guidelines of construction.

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作
• 多年一作（非木材）

多年生（非木质）作物 - 指定作物:

• 香蕉/芭蕉/蕉麻

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): To reduce soil erosion and retain runoff for infiltration.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Inadequate water for irrigating the farm.
Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S4：平沟、坑

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

水质恶化

• Hs：地表水良变化

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management, Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), poverty / wealth, labour availability
Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

A technical drawing showing a retention ditch. The run-off ponds within the ditch giving it time to infiltrate.

Location: Ntharawe. Eastern Province
Date: 27/10/2012

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate (In implement this technology the farmers collaborates with an Agriculture extension officer in order to assist in making the retention ditches.)
Technical knowledge required for land users: low (Water scarcity triggers farmers to look for better means of soil conservation and retention ditch plays an important role to satisfy crop water requirement.)

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, increase of infiltration
Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope angle

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 6
Spacing between structures (m): 30
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

作者:

Paul Kahiga, 8444-00300 Nairobi

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Kshs

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

100.0

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

in the month of June 2012

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

slope of the land, labour and availability of a technical person to assist in laying down of the contours

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

注释:

stabilization of the up-slope using grass which is also fed to animals

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源