1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Universidad de Valencia (Universidad de Valencia) - 西班牙

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

23/03/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Chipped branch application on bare soil in order to prevent soil erosion, reduces overland flow, and increase the soil organic matter.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In a Persimmon crop area from Valencia (south-east Spain), the research team of the University of Valencia set up an experiment in order to test the effect of chipped branches lying on soil surface to avoid soil water erosion and improve soil properties.

Purpose of the Technology: The increase in ground cover will decrease soil erosion by reducing raindrop impact over the bare soil. Runoff amount also decrease by increasing water surface storage, decrease of runoff velocity, and increase infiltration. Its application must to be done after the pruning season and before Mediterranean high-storm events; namely end summer to early autumn, in order to protect raindrop impact and detached by bare

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Chipped branches will be obtained after pruning and harvesting.

Natural / human environment: The persimmon production in the area has been implemented in recent dates due to the market prices. There has been a quick land use change from citrus orchards to persimmon orchards. The landscape reflects the long history of management where several constructions related with wine production depicted its importance on this region. Since the late 1960´s, chemical agriculture with use of fertilizers and herbicides, and new orchards plantations as Persimmon, lead to a seasonally bare soil surface, triggering huge erosion rates.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Increased runoff and soil erosion, resulting in a decrease of on-site fertility, water reservoir, and weakness of hydrological soil properties.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Loss of soil water resources and productivity.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180, Longest growing period from month to month: February to July

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management, Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts)
Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing, industrial activities and mining, urbanisation and infrastructure development, discharges (point contamination of water), release of airborne pollutants (urban/industry…), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff), over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.), other human induced causes (specify), change in temperature, change of seasonal rainfall, wind storms / dust storms, floods, droughts, population pressure, land tenure, poverty / wealth, labour availability, inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …), education, access to knowledge and support services, war and conflicts, governance / institutional

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Chipped branches must be spread homogeneously in bare soil areas between trees lines in order to keep as much as possible the soil covered.

Location: Valencia. Spain
Date: 09/03/2015

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), improvement of subsoil structure (hardpan), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, improvement of water quality, buffering / filtering water, reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), control of fires, reduction of dry material (fuel for wildfires), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use

Change of land use practices / intensity level: New practices must be implemented through the application on the chipped branches on bare soil areas.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500m a.s.l. (300 meters above sea level)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	未知

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	未知

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Use of the chipped branches as a treatment to cover soil and decrease erosion. It also keep higher soil moisture levels.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It is a technology very easy to apply, with low failure possibilities and a strong soil erosion control and local soil properties improvement.
It will prevent sediment movement and accumulation over roads and down slope properties and values at risk.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The use of specific machinery to produce chipped branches.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
A low application rate must be enough to decrease erosion.	Testing different application rates to decrease soil-water erosion.

7.1 信息的方法/来源