1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

Carbon farming [意大利]

Managing land, water, plants and animals to meet the landscape restoration, climate change and food security.

• 编制者： Nicola Dal Ferro
• 05/12/2015 midnight

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Application of fine-grained charcoal as an amendment to improve the soil quality and mitigate GHG emissions from croplands

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Biochar is a fine-grained charcoal, rich in refractory organic carbon compounds. Biochar is produced from pyrolysis of plant and waste feedstock, i.e. during thermal decomposition of biomass in partial or total absence of oxygen. As a soil amendment, biochar can favour a long-term stabilisation of carbon stocks, serving as a net withdrawal of atmospheric carbon dioxide. From an agronomic point of view, high organic carbon input from biochar can enhance the nutrient and water retention capacity of the amended soil, reducing the total fertilizer requirements.

Purpose of the Technology: Therefore, the application of biochar is proposed as a strategy to reduce the climate and environmental impact of cropland systems as well as improve the soil quality by enhancing its physical-chemical characteristics.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Due to high recalcitrance of its C compounds, fine-grained biochar can be applied occasionally in the field, although its long-term effect is still being studied. High doses of biochar can be distributed (e.g. > 10 t C ha-1) just before ploughing in order to favour its incorporation, mixing and interaction with soil particles.

Natural / human environment: Potentially, the high stability of biochar C-compounds favours a reduction of GHG emissions by increasing the soil carbon stocks. Potentially, the soil can benefit from biochar application by improving its structure, the water retention capacity and finally the nutrient cycling. Nevertheless, it must be underlined that such technique is still in its infancy and needs testing before it is widespread as an agricultural practice. Although the biochar costs of production are not available, it must be noted that, due to the occasional application, the management costs would be low.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

意大利

区域/州/省:

Italy

有关地点的进一步说明:

Veneto region

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

This is only a research trial that is now performed at the experimental farm of the University of Padova.

Map

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2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 210Longest growing period from month to month: March to OctoberSecond longest growing period in days: 180

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soils in the low Venetian plain of the Veneto region generally suffer from a loss of soil organic matter (SOM) that is strongly affected by their natural texture and climatic conditions. Moreover, in the last 50 years intensive tillage practices contributed to a further SOM decrease estimated at 0.02-0.58 t/ha/y of carbon and high intensive monoculture practices implied oversimplification of agro-ecosystems and decline of soil biodiversity. Finally, in the last few years attention is given to excessive GHG emissions from croplands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Decrease of productivity. However to date, few farmers have adopted conservation practices in order to reduce a decline of soil fertility and water quality, symptom of poor perception of the problem.

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A2：有机质/土壤肥力

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Type of agronomic measures: manure / compost / residues

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: soil management, crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), population pressure

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

€

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

0.8

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Life span of biochar is several years but still under study.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Costs are only indicative at the moment (2015 y) since a real market is not available.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Currently biochar is difficultly available in the market and some estimates report a high cost (300 US $/ t). However, the application of biochar can be done once every several years. As a result, costs are mainly as an initial investment.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low
Soil drainage/infiltration level is medium
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Farmers in the Veneto region are traditionally males due to historical and cultural reasons.

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 租赁

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

气候灾害

水文灾害

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

6.4 成本效益分析

注释:

Short-term and long-term benefits are still being studied, therefore right now it is not possible to evaluate benefits

6.5 技术采用

注释:

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The technology is not yet applied in the field, although tested and proposed by research institutes in order to imporve soil fertility and soil organic matter content.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions, Gul et al., 2015. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment (206), 46-59.