1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

Falling Water Dam [中国]

The falling water dams are widely built in the middle reach of the Yellow River, the typical dams are filled with dense slurry by water flow from upland. The approach is implemented mainly by government investment.

• 编制者： Yan ZHANG
• 01/28/2009 midnight

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Auto-flowing slurry dams is filled with dense slurry by water flow from upland to maintain eroded soil particles and runoff.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Falling water filled dams distribute widely in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, they are used to store water and wrap sediment which result from soil and water loss. On the Loess Plateau, in addition to the conditions of deep gully and steep slope, earth above the top of the dams can be used to build dams. First, soil is loosed with squirt guns, exploded or manually dug. Then, water is pumped up to the loose earth so as to rush the soil down along transporting ditch, turning the soil into dense mud to dam level surrounded by tamped banks. Under the press of gravity, the mud dehydrates, consolidates and becomes uniformly dense body of the dams. Compared with dams in other areas, the water power filled dams in the Yellow River basin are characterized by much denser mud, uniform particles and body texture, smaller transect of dams body, and wide applicability to soil materials such as sand soil, loess soil and weathering residue. The types of dams have widely applied to build moderate and small reservoirs and silt arresters in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, they play an important role in increase in agricultural production and reduction of sediment into the Yellow River.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

中国

区域/州/省:

Shanxi, Shaanxi, etc.

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果技术均匀分布在一个区域，则指定覆盖的区域（单位为平方千米）:

13062.0

如果不知道精确的区域，请注明大致覆盖的区域:

• > 10,000 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 13062 km2.

Dams filled by water power are applied mainly in the middle reach of the Yellow River, including the provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Henan, etc. The types of dams were used since 1950s, and most the dams being used were built in 1970s.

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was developed by local people during the conservation practice in 1950s.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 165Longest growing period from month to month: May - Sep

水道、水体、湿地

• 池塘、大坝

主要产品/服务:

Auto-Flowing Slurry Dam

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): 1. Slope land is used as cropland
2. Too little ground cover to protect soil from erosion
3. Over grazing in wind erosion area

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): 1. Little cropland for food supply
2. The land productivity is too low
3. The benefit of returning cropland to graze land or woodland is not definite now except the compensate from government

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S5：大坝、集水斗、水池

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀
• Wg：冲沟侵蚀/沟蚀

土壤风蚀

• Et：表土流失

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）

水质恶化

• Ha：干旱化

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ha: aridification

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (Lack of captial), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 不适用

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 540 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The volume of structure.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Since the dam construction uses local materials, the most important factors affecting the cost are labor and equipment

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landform: Also plateau/plain

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility: low
Soil drainage / infiltration: medium - good
Soil water storage capacity: high - very high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

Relative level of wealth: rich, average, poor
There are almost no people very rich in the area.
Rich people are as same as average people.
40% of the land users are average wealthy and own 20% of the land (Average people in the area where the SWC is applied should offer labor for the construction.).
Poor people can offer labor for the construction.
Very poor people are relatively rare and they are often in poor health.

Off-farm income specification: Most young male farmers often go to the city or town to earn money

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

80'000 households (3 percent of the area)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

50000 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

1% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

30000 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Although the local people adopt the SWC Technology willingly, it is usually invested, designed and constructed by the land owner, the local government.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Special Planning Of Soil And Water Conservation in Xinzhou Region , Shanxi Province. 1986-1990.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department, Beijing Normal University.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

How to design the dry masonry dam in the Hanjiachuan watershed. Tianyuzhu, Wangzuliang. Beijing. Water conservation in Beijing. 2000.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Library of the Resource and Environmental Department, Beijing Normal University.