1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - 瑞士

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

United Nations Development Program (United Nations Development Program) - 塔吉克斯坦

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Central Asian Countries Initiative for Sustainable Land Management - Multicountry Capacity Building (CACILM - MCB) - 吉尔吉斯斯坦

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The recycling of broken iron water gates which can be used to regulate the water flow into smaller side canals were reconstructed along the main irrigation canal.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

This technology is based on the rehabilitation of iron water gates which regulate the water flow into smaller side canals along the main irrigation canal.

Purpose of the Technology: After the collapse of the Soviet Union irrigation facilities in the Shaartuz area were neglected and consequently broke down. In this arid environment, (only about 100 mm annual precipitation) many fields were subsequently abandoned due to a lack of irrigation water. Conflicts arose between people living upstream and downstream along the main irrigation canals as water flow could not be regulated anymore. During the wet spring period the side canals connecting the main canal with the fields had to be monitored day and night, and could only be plugged with vegetative material to protect the fields from flooding. Upstream users received all the water available, and at the same time suffered from waterlogging and water erosion. Downstream users however suffered from a lack of irrigation water, which led to severe conflicts between the different land users.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: In order to help solve these problems, during 2010 UNDP replaced the 32 damaged irrigation gates along the irrigation canal. 12 big and 20 small iron gates were set up to regulate the water flow. Water distribution was regulated according to norms defining water need per ha of irrigated field and taking into account crop and soil types. Farmers then paid for the irrigation water according to those norms. The financial contributions go the Water Agency and are used for canal maintenance. Ideally the channels require cleaning every year as they get filled up with sand and other dirt washed in by the water. Irrigation gates if used appropriately should not need repair for at least the first five years after installation. After that some minor repairs are required which can take up to 4-5 days for the concrete works to be finished and to dry.

Natural / human environment: As a result of the replacement of these water distribution facilities, the irrigation and ameliorative condition of 3,570 ha of land were improved, including around 1,000 ha of kitchen gardens. Around 32,000 people are now benefiting from this intervention. Livelihoods have greatly improved as farmers now feel encouraged to invest in agricultural activities. According to local farmers, now only 1 out of 4 people have to migrate to Russia whereas before the implementation of this sub-project most of them would have been forced to leave the country. As the neglect of irrigation systems from the Soviet times is a problem all over the irrigated lowlands of Tajikistan, this technology could prove highly useful for a more widespread application.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

2010

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• access to water

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): degradation of vegetation cover, loss of topsoil through wind erosion, access to water is restricted.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): waterlogging, reduced rational use of water and land resources, flooding, water use conflicts, lack of irrigation water, water erosion

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 充分灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Pw: waterlogging, Hs: change in quantity of surface water

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.) (upstream users took all the irrigation water available), inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …) (due to the rundown irrigation facilities, waterflow could not be properly regulated anymore), governance / institutional (after the collapse of the Soviet Union, nobody ensured proper maintenance of the irrigation facilities)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Installation of irrigation gates along main irrigation channel

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Installation of irrigation gates	Persons/day	25.0	4.44	111.0
施工材料	Watergate	gates	1.0	300.0	300.0
技术建立所需总成本					411.0
技术建立总成本，美元					411.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

UNDP

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Cleaning of irrigation channels	annual
2.	Irrigation gates might need some minor repair after 5 years	irregular

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Cleaning of irrigation channels	Persons/day
劳动力	Repairing irrigation gate	Persons/day	5.0	4.4	22.0
技术维护所需总成本					22.0
技术维护总成本，美元					22.0

注释:

The costs are indicated for the installation of one big water gate.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most determinate costs are those for the purchase of water gates. Cleaning of channels was not part of this project, and therefore only installation of water distribution facilities have been completed. Channels are usually cleaned by local users who are in many cases supported by international donors.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is very low

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor

Soil water storage capacity is low

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water: Excess in case of heavy rainfall events but at rest of the year the availabilty is poor/none.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

Level of mechanization: Also manual labour.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

• water is paid

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

• water is paid

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

注释:

Flood diversion channels were built and so in case of floods there is an emergency system in place.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: UNDP paid for installation of water gates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: however the only issue with installation of water gates is that they require a sufficient amount of funding (mostly external).

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Reduced conflicts about water distribution as previously upstream users received all the available water and downstream users received nothing
Reduced workload as previously gates had to be constantly monitored
Improved livelihoods due to regular water access
Increased confidence of farmers to invest in other agricultural activities due to more guaranteed water availability
Less migration to Russia as income opportunities through agriculture have improved

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Improved regulation of water flow as previously some areas suffered from flooding and waterlogging whereas others did not receive enough water. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Ensure proper maintenance of the facilities

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High costs involved with the installation of such an irrigation system along a whole canal	If every collective farm along the river pays for the gates within their territory, the costs could be divided between them.

7.1 信息的方法/来源