1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Stone faced embankment constructed along the contour to reduce soil loss

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

It is a structural measure constructed from stone and soil and aligned along the contour. The structure is placed on a foundation having channel on the upper side of the embankment with ridges having an interval of 10 m. A space (berm) of about 15 cm is left between the embankment and the channel.

Purpose of the Technology: To reduce soil erosion, increase soil moisture, reduce slope length and steepnss.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Construction of stone wall riser starting from the foundation and compaction of the embankment to attain the given standard. Ditches are excavated and forming a tied ridges at an interval of 10 cm.

Natural / human environment: It is more applicable in areas where land degradation is serious and stone is avialable.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

Deder/Oromia

有关地点的进一步说明:

Wabe/Gelan Sedi

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 10.6 km2.

Map

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3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

• 一年一作

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• 谷类 - 大麦
• 谷物类 - 玉米

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - SepSecond longest growing period in days: 95 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Sep

牧场

粗放式放牧:

• 半游牧畜牧业

集约放牧/饲料生产:

• 收割和携带/零放牧

• Mixed

动物类型:

• 牛 - 奶制品

• oxen

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Population pressure, land fragmentation, small land holding size, land taken by the structures.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Soil erosion, population pressure

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: Yes
Mixed: (eg agro-pastoralism, silvo-pastoralism): they leave small plot of land along the farm boundary growing grass to be cut and carried home to feed oxen and milking cows.

Grazingland comments: Grazing land size is getting reduced from time to time. Livestock production should be integrated with other agricultural and environmental protection activities. Livestock production should be supported with improved management systems.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Maize-barley-maize

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

化学性土壤退化

• Cn：肥力下降和有机质含量下降（非侵蚀所致）

水质恶化

• Ha：干旱化

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Oromia

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, improvement of ground cover, increase of infiltration

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 20000
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.1m
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15

Terrace: bench level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 80
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 80

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 20%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

8.6

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

The cost is calculated for a length of structure per hectare of land

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

slope of the land, foundation and dimension of the structure, soil depth and excavation of the ditches.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 2001-2500 m a.s.l. (ranked 1), 2501-3000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) and 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (ranked 3)
Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1), foot slopes (ranked 2) and mountain slopes (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Hilly (ranked 1), steep and very steep (ranked 2) and moderate and rolling (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Shallow (ranked 1), moderately deep (ranked 2) and very shallow (ranked 3)
Soil texture: Also fine/heavy (ranked 2) and coarse/light (ranked 3)
Soil fertility: Low, medium (ranked 2) and high and very low (both ranked 3)
Topsoil organic matter: Also medium (ranked 2) and high (ranked 3)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor (ranked 1), medium (ranked 2) and good (ranked 3)
Soil water storage capacity: High (ranked 1), medium (ranked 2) and low (ranked 3)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
2% of the land users are very rich and own 2% of the land.
3% of the land users are rich and own 3% of the land.
5% of the land users are average wealthy and own 5% of the land.
10% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.
80% of the land users are poor and own 80% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: It is insignificant and they get incentives of FFW.
Market orientation grazing land: Subsistence (ranked 1) and mixed ( they leave small plot of land along the farm boundary growing grass to be cut and carried home to feed oxen and milking cows, ranked 2)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源