1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

CONSTRUCTION OF FENCES TO KEEP WILD BOAR OFF PASTURE LAND

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The regulations implemented by the Pollino national park to protect the wild fauna have led to large numbers of wild boar in the local area. Numbers of wild boar have also increased because of breeding with non-native species (a Hungarian strain) on the part of hunting associations. Numbers have increased so much that currently these animals have even reached rural areas destined for pasture, livestock farming and cultivation. To protect crops and pastures more fences have been built. Typically these fences are constructed out of pales made from local wood and galvanised iron netting.

Purpose of the Technology: Protection of pasture land and cropland

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The construction of fences requires an initial investment in order to buy the wooden pales and iron netting. Generally the pales come from local woods, often from the farm itself, and are felled and prepared by local farmers who also usually construct the fences themselves. The height of the fences ranges from 1m to 1.20

Natural / human environment: Production methods are characterised by a medium level of mechanisation (only the most demanding operations are carried out using mechanical means), the production system is essentially mixed, a small part is destined for personal consumption whilst the bulk of production is destined for local markets. The property is predominantly privately owned but also includes some public land, especially in the case of pasture land. Most farms in the area are livestock farms whilst the agricultural component is destined exclusively for private consumption. The area is partially included in two bordered national parks, i.e. Pollino national park and val d’agri national park. This peculiar situation creates a very natural environment allowing the presence of many wild species.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

农田

• 一年一作

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: march to august

牧场

粗放式放牧:

• 半游牧畜牧业
• 经营牧场

动物类型:

• 山羊
• 绵羊

• cows

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The wild boar tend to dig into the ground in search of food and, in doing so, leave soil open to processes of erosion and permanently degrade grass cover.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Severe damage to grass cover and crops
Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: Shepherds use the area for summer grazing and move downhill in winter
Mixed: (eg agro-pastoralism, silvo-pastoralism): A reduced number of farmers cultivate their field for fodder and pastures
Grazingland comments: Sheep and goats are the most valuable livestock
Type of grazing system comments: Sheep and goats are the most valuable livestock

Livestock density: > 100 LU /km2

3.4 供水

注释:

Water supply: rainfed, mixed rainfed - irrigated

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• Protection of pasture land and cropland from wildlife

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S6：墙、障碍物、栅栏、围墙

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

物理性土壤退化

• Pc：压实

生物性退化

• Bc：植被覆盖的减少
• Bh：栖息地丧失
• Bq：数量/生物量减少
• Bs：质量和物种组成/多样性的下降

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bq: quantity / biomass decline, Bs: quality and species composition /diversity decline

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Pc: compaction, Bh: loss of habitats

Main causes of degradation: increase and spreading of wild boars

Secondary causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (Introduction of wild boars by hunting associations), governance / institutional (Excessive protection of the species by the National park)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

euro

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

0.74

4.3 技术建立活动

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Lifespan of the wood pales and network: 20 years

4.5 维护/经常性活动

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The total cost for the construction of 1,000 metres of fencing is spread over a period of 20 years on the basis of the duration of the structure

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is medium-low
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Availability of surface water is medium (minimum during month of September and October)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Difference in the involvement of women and men: active farmers are present only males; women are not actively involved in land management
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: negative; 2%
and own 90% of the land.
and own 10% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Most of the off farm income derives from public sector, i.e. Municipality, Mountain Community, Region and other public bodies. Very few farmer members run local shops or handcraft.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

气候灾害

水文灾害

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: support by the national park

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源