1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

11/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Trees of various sizes are integrated with crops such as coffee and/or banana, maize and beans such that each group of plants occupies a specific vertical position and competition for vertical space is minimized

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In multicanopy agroforestry, annual crops that include maize, beans and shrub species such Calliandra and Sesbania are integrated so as to occupy the lower vertical spaces. The next height is occupied by taller crops such as coffee, cocoa and bananas while the highest layer is occupied by tall trees such as Maesopsis eminii, Makhamia lutea and Ficus nantalesis. This arrangement ensures that as much land as possible is utilized.

The upper strata of a multi-layered planting is called the overstory, or canopy. The trees that make up this layer play the key role in creating the understory. The shady environment in the understory (i) Reduces evapotranspiration (evaporation of water through the leaves and branches of the plant), conserving moisture in the plants and reducing water use (ii) Buffers crops from temperature extremes and fluctuations (iii) Protects crops from winds (iv) Suppresses many invasive problem weeds, which tend to prefer open conditions and full sun and (v) Supports a range of beneficial soil microlife that do not thrive in the open. On the other hand, understory crops should (i) tolerate partial shade (ii) exploit, at least partially, different soil horizons than the overstory trees (iii) be less tall than the overstory trees when mature (although some trees may be planned to use the shade as seedlings, but eventually overtake and become part of the upper layer) (iv) be less susceptible than the overstory trees to diseases they may have in common and (v) not involve damage to the overstory trees during cultivation or harvest of understory crops. The most important consideration when implementing this technology is that the various components of the plant system have to be compatible.

Management should be done to reduce competition for vertical and horizontal space. The number of trees per acre is 50% less compared with timber or fruit trees planted alone. Spacing should be planned to provide the most optimal environment for the understory, and minimize competition for space, light, and nutrients. The species growth rate, rooting patterns, and other factors should be taken into account when planning.

Required management activities include weeding, pruning, and thinning. Weeding is usually done twice every season mainly to take care of the annual crops such as maize and beans. Pruning is done whenever the farmer sees that light intensity from the upper canopy is no longer enough to support the understory crops. Usually, once a year is appropriate. Pruning is also done to reduce the risk of old branches falling and damaging crops and other farm structures. Thinning is done to reduce the number of seedlings from the soil ground.

The technology increases biodiversity on-farm, and protects the environment from degradation, soil loss, and wind break. This diversity has the advantage of reducing pest and disease incidence. The mixed fruits and trees provide timber and fuel wood, shade for coffee and banana, and keep the soil moist. It also acts as wind break which protects crops, farm structures and reduce soil loss by wind. It is a source of income to land user, provides food, improves the ecosystem, and leguminous plants fix nitrogen in the soil.

The technology is generally cheap to establish because the main inputs needed include tree seedlings, which were raised by the land user with the exception of the coffee seedlings and banana suckers which were obtained from outside. Labour is usually entirely family-based. The economic benefits are difficult to quantify due to the complex nature of the interaction among system components.

The potential limitations of understory intercropping include (i) Shortage of scientific study and information about tree/understory crop interactions (ii) Risk of unforeseen competition or allelopathic effects (iii) Greater complexity in management of multiple species and multiple products and (iv) Potential damage to overstory from harvest of the understory, or vice-versa.

Implementing multi-canopy agroforestry requires skills that are usually developed over long periods of time by farmers who observe the various interactions among the components and manage (especially the trees) to reduce the competition without compromising the benefits.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

1998

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 防风林/防护林带

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

- 20 to 30 meters between trees
- 3 meters between between coffee or banana plants
- Beans or soybeans can be planted between coffee/banana plants
- Trees are pruned to leave about one half of the crown

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Uganda Shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Preparing of the nursery bed	结构性的	At the beginning of the season
2.	Transplanting	植物性的	At the start of the rainy season
3.	Weeding	农业学的	One month after planting
4.	Prunning of trees	农业学的	Once every year
5.	Harvesting of annual crops	农业学的	Every season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Preparing of the nursery bed	Mandays	30.0	5000.0	150000.0	100.0
劳动力	Transplanting	Mandays	12.0	5000.0	60000.0	100.0
劳动力	Weeding	Mandays	12.0	5000.0	60000.0	100.0
劳动力	Prunning of trees	Mandays	15.0	5000.0	75000.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	Number	100.0	3000.0	300000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					645000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The cost is generally handled by the family

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	农业学的	Every season
2.	Pruning	农业学的	Once a year

注释:

Most activities are managed by the family

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Weeding	Mandays	30.0	5000.0	150000.0	100.0
劳动力	Pruning	Mandays	15.0	5000.0	75000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					225000.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Pruning becasue this involves aiming at high tree branches, which is risky and therefore, costly

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The land is generally flat and the technology take place toward the valley

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Small animal keeping and farmer managed natural regeneration.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

No down stream flooding

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热带风暴	非常好
温带气旋	非常好
局地暴雨	非常好
局地雷暴	非常好
局地雹灾	非常好
局地雪暴	非常好
当地沙尘暴/尘暴	非常好
局地风暴	非常好
龙卷风	未知

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	非常好
寒潮	未知
极端冬季条件	未知
干旱	非常好
森林火灾	非常好
陆地火灾	非常好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	非常好
山洪暴发	非常好
风暴潮/沿海洪水	未知
滑坡	未知
雪崩	未知

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	非常好
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Diversify the food and income sources of the household
Protection of the system from climate extremes especially drought and strong winds

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Improved and sustainable land management

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High labour requirements coupled with shortage of labour due to rural-urban migration of the youth

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Agroforestry coffee practices in relation to productivity and erosion control, 2010

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/482c/b4d3cebf27f52f638ec10255f55724736a83.pdf?_ga=2.82063123.426798158.1589367611-1455465451.1589367611

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Inside Agroforestry

URL:

https://nac.unl.edu/documents/insideagroforestry/IA_vol23issue1.pdfIn