1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

10/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

Crop rotation enhances soil fertility due to its ability to maintain plant nutrients.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Crop rotation is a common practice used by farmers in northern Uganda. It involves the growing a series of different types of crops in the same field in sequential seasons to improve soil fertility, nutrition, income and food security .

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

With crop rotation, a crop that leaches the soil of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a another crop that returns that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients.

At the start of the season, soybean was planted on a gently sloping land in rows in a spacing of 1 meter between the rows and 30 cm between the plants. In the subsubsequent year, cassava tuber stems were cut at a length of 30 cm and planted in a hole of 30 cm depth and a spacing of 1 meter using the following required in puts: seed, hired labour, tractor, ox-plough, hoes and pangas (axes). This technology integrated as well the construction of trenches within the field for soil and water conservation.

The application of this technology increased crop yields as evidenced by the land user. Crop rotation mitigates as well the build up of pathogens and pests that often occur when one species is continuously cropped in the same location. Crop rotation improves soil structure and fertility by increasing subsoil biomass from various root structures. While promoting this practice, its important that the landuser plants as well legumes for nitrogen fixation after cropping a nitrogen depleting crop. Similarly, a low residue crop (i.e. a crop with low biomass) should be followed by a high biomass crop, like a mixture of grasses and legumes.

The application of this technology requires the land user to subdivide the land into different portions for different crops. Crops could be planted in the following manner: 1) Cereals crop with legumes, 2) Deep rooted with shallow rooted and a cover crop.

Important to note is that crop rotation is good at preventing soil depletion, maintaining soil fertility, reducing soil erosion, controlling insect/mite pests, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals, reducing the pests' build-up and controlling weeds. On the other hand, crop rotation can be dangerous and may affect a following crop with diseases originating from the first crop.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

注释（项目类型等）:

The cassava stems were obtained from Agago District Local Government supplied by Operation Wealth Creation (OWC).

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

It was originally uncultivated land.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Mostly cultivated during the wet season

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Soybean was been planted on gentlly sloping land in rows in a spacing of 1 meter between the rows and 30 cm between the plants. In the subsubsequent year, cassava was planted. The tuber stems were cut at a length of 30 cm and planted in a hole of 30 cm depth and a spacing of 1 x 1 meter integrated with trenches for soil and water conservation.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3500.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Acquiring cassava stems from Operation Wealth Creation	农业学的	March
2.	Clearing the land by tractor	农业学的	Late March
3.	Planting using hired labour	农业学的	Early april

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Hired labour	acres	10.0	2500.0	25000.0	100.0
设备	Tractor	pice	1.0	70000.0	70000.0	100.0
设备	Ox-plough	pice	1.0	17000.0	17000.0	100.0
设备	Axes	pieces	2.0	7000.0	14000.0	100.0
设备	Pangas	pices	2.0	10000.0	20000.0	100.0
设备	Hoes	pieces	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds	1	100.0	5000.0	500000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					696000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Weeding	农业学的	May
2.	Establishing a fireline	农业学的	December

注释:

There exists a risk of fire outbreaks in cassava cultivations.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Mans days for weeding for one month	1	30.0	5000.0	150000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	Piece	5.0	12000.0	60000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					210000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

no one

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Seeds, tractor and labour hire.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Generally flat landscape.

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	适度
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	适度
局地雹灾	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

10 household

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 50-90%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Crop rotation spectrum increased through incorporating maize into the rotation system.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Helps in controlling weeds thus improving productivity.
Good at providing income after sale of two crops.
Enhances maximum nutrients utilization.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Good at preventing depletion of nutrients hence, maintaining soil fertility.
Reduces soil erosion.
Reduces pest build-up therefore, reduces disease infestation.
Improves productivity and enhances maximum nutrients utilization.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The fungi and pests left behind from the a previous crop can potentially harm the new crop.	Liase with agronomist for advice on appropriate pesticides and fungicides to use.
More time is required in preparing fields for crop ahead of rotation.	Proper timing of farm operations in preparation of rotations.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The fungi and pests left behind from the a previous crop can potentially harm the new crop.	Liase with agronomist for advice on appropriate pesticides and fungicides to use.
More time is required in preparing field for crop ahead of rotation.	Proper timing of farm operations in preparation of rotations.
May affect second with disease if the first crop was diseased.	Need for spraying before planting.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Efforts by Small-Scale Farmers to Maintain Soil Fertility and Their Impacts on Soil Properties, Luwero District, Uganda, K.Nyombi, K.B.Ester and Jj.Y.K.Zake2018

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.tandfonline.com/author/Zake%2C+J+Y+K

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Cropping systems and soil quality and fertility in south-central Uganda

URL:

Researchgate.net/publication/330101543_