1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

09/05/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The fast-growing Grevillea robusta (silk oak) provides several on-site advantages including acting as windbreak and increasing soil organic matter.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Leguminous, fast growing grevillea robusta (silk oak) planted as boundary lines provides shade to a pineapple cropland, increases soil organic matter, provides fuel wood for domestic use and timber for construction after 5-8 years.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Grevillea Robusta (silk oak) is a leguminous, fast growing and evergreen tree planted in a natural environment with tropical savanna climate of Northern Uganda which receives rainfall of about 750-1000 mm per annum, established on a generally flat slope with an altitude of about 1000 meters above sea level. The soil type is moderately fertile with low moisture content that favours tree growth. These trees are planted as boundary lines for providing shade on a pineapple cropland, nitrogen fixation, increasing soil organic matter, providing fuel wood and as a source of timber for construction after 5-8 years. The tree species generally grows well under the mono-modal (one rainfall season) rainfall pattern of Northern Uganda.

Planting is normally done during the wet season at the onset of rain in early April and the inputs required for establishing this technology include Grevillea Robusta seedlings majorly provided by the District forestry officers, farmyard manure, hand hoes and spades. A hand hoe is used to dig pits about 0.5 m deep, 0.6 m wide and 3 to 5 m apart and 1 meter away from the pineapple crop. Farmyard manure is added to the pit to fill a depth of about 0.3 m, a layer of top soil is added to 0.2 m depth and the seedling is planted on top. The rest of the pit is filled with soil and watered to improve soil moisture content. Bamboo canes can be woven around the seedlings to protect them from destruction by livestock. Grevillea Robusta grows fast when the boundary line is well established within two years. The pruned branches provide fuel wood for domestic use like cooking and within 5 to 8 years the trees are harvested for timber. Establishment costs for this technology are normally higher compared to maintenance costs especially for the purchase of Grevillea seedlings, manures, farm equipment like hand hoes and pangas. The technology is easily and spontaneously adopted by average smallholder farmers with less than 2 acres and is useful for providing shade to the pineapple crop thus increasing the yield. What is not liked about this technology is that it forms a big canopy that limits photosynthesis. To maintain this technology, the land user has to constantly prune whenever the canopy grows big.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2012

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Fast growing woody leguminous trees provide shade, shelter from winds, soil fertility maintenance and timber production after 5-8 years.

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

The land was used for growing vegetables.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

The grevillea trees rely on rain for growth.

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

The grevillea tree is a perennial crop

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 防风林/防护林带
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

The trees are planted along the side of the pineapple cropland

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The trees act as wind breaks and also protect the soil against wind erosion.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

注释:

Grevillea trees prevent land degradation by soil erosion caused by wind and surface water runoff.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

A hole is dug at a depth of 0.5 m, and 0.6 m wide. Farm yard manure added into the hole at a depth of 0.3 m and soil added to 0.2 m depth to fill up the hole in which tree seedlings are planted at a spacing of 3 or 5 meters apart since they do not form a huge canopy and 1 meter away from the pineapple crop.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Land clearing	管理	Late March
2.	Procurement of seedlings	管理	March
3.	Planting	管理	Early April at onset of rainfall
4.	Weeding	管理	May during wet season
5.	Pruning	管理	November in wet season
6.	Harvesting	管理	December during dry season for timber

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Hired labour	Day	30.0	3000.0	90000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	pieces	10.0	12000.0	120000.0	100.0
设备	Panga	pieces	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
植物材料	Grevillea seedlings	pieces	500.0	100.0	50000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Manure	Kgs	20.0	5000.0	100000.0	100.0
施工材料	Bamboo reeds	pieces	100.0	1000.0	100000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					510000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Pruning	管理	November
2.	Weeding	管理	May

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	hired labour	days	5.0	3000.0	15000.0	100.0
设备	hoes	pieces	10.0	12000.0	120000.0	100.0
设备	pangas	pieces	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					185000.0

注释:

A good technology that is affordable for any land user to implement because of its on-site benefits like improving soil organic matter and harvesting fuel wood for cooking.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The Grevillea seedlings were distributed at a cost from the District. There is also high cost of hiring labour. However, family members can also help in maintaining the technology.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The land is generally flat that supports the growth of the grevillea trees.

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

A subsistence farmer

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

The technology promotes biodiversity.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	适度
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	适度
局地雷暴	适度
局地雹灾	适度

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	适度
森林火灾	适度

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

注释:

spontaneous adoption by other land users

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The grevillea robusta trees increase soil water retention after heavy rainfall episodes, and organic matter.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Grevillea trees when mature provide timber for construction.
Grevillea tree branches when pruned supply fuel wood.
The dry tree leaves decompose and provide manure for the garden.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Grevillea robusta provides many soil conservation benefits like nitrogen fixing and soil moisture retention among them.
Young shoots from grevillea robusta provide animal fodder.
The trees helps modify the microclimate.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Trees take up some of the cropland that should have been used to grow other crops.	Agroforestry
Labour intensive in terms of pruning trees.	Family members to provide labour

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Grevillea provides shade to pineapple crops that obstructs the photosynthesis process.	Plant grevillea at a distance from the plant

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

URL:

https://www.gardenia.net/plant/Grevillea-robusta-Silky-Oak