1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

17/10/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

It is a good sustainable land management technology that enables farmers locally to make cheap organic manure to increase food production while improving the degraded areas.

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Compost manure production is a sustainable land management practice promoted by small scale farmers by using banana, cassava, sweet potato peelings, jack fruit residues and food left overs. The aim is to improve soil fertility, increase agricultural production and household income. The technology makes nutrients more readily available to plants in a short period of time through composting. During composting, raw organic matter is transformed into stable humus which is absorbed by plants thus enabling increased production.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Compost manure application is an integrated pest, disease and soil fertility management technology that cheaply avails organic matter to increase crop/land productivity among local farmers. Farmers use locally available inputs like weeds, kitchen refuse, crop residues (maize, sorghum, millet, wheat among others) at less or no cost. These nutrients are thus made available to plants through transforming raw organic matter into stable humus, which is readily absorbed by plants. This increases agricultural and vegetable production. However, the nitrogen content in the compost can be further increased if waste plant materials such as Lantana Camara, Sesbania are integrated. Procedures to make compost manure include the following steps:

• Digging pits of about 2m length, 2 m width and 0.75 m depth.
• Placing the assorted organic materials in pit no. 1 and covering it with soil in a dome shape to prevent water from seeping into the decomposing materials. Residues so assembled should be in their raw form collected from either the kitchen, weeds from gardens, peelings and crop residues like maize and sugarcane husks. As a rule of thumb, the compost pile should be build by beginning with a bottom layer of bigger sized materials, such as maize stovers, of about 15cm height. This should also include a layer of dry vegetation, hedge or grass cuttings to about 15cm height. Sprinkling top soil and adding water by using a watering can will to moisten the whole layer. In this pit, the degradation process will take a period of 1-2 months.
• In the third month, the materials are then transferred to pit no. 2, arranged and compressed in layers and covered with soil in a dome shaped manner.
• After another spell of 4-5 months, these decomposed materials are then transferred to pit no. 3. This comprises of decomposed matter ready for use. In this last pit, manure in the final stage is always cold, dark and most importantly, less bulky. It produces a pleasant smell when spread.

In case of a banana plantation, ready compost is applied around the banana hills or in trenches between 4 banana plants. Soils with compost cannot easily be washed away by water or blown by wind as the soil particles are held tightly together with the sticky substance secreted in the process of decomposition. This glue-like structure also helps to hold moisture in the soil hence improving the structure.
The farmer selects a suitable and convenient place for the compost pit system preferably near the garden and home stead where he digs three pits. The cost of digging a compost pit depends on where the pits are to be located. If the place is easy to dig, each pit costs about UGX 5,000/=. Other costs include, hiring a spade at UGX 1,000/=, a hoe at UGX 1,000/=, a pan at UGX 1,000/= and a watering can at UGX 1,000/=, all summing up to UGX 9000/= for the whole activity. The technology improves production in both annual and perennial plants such as fodder grasses and crops through restoring degraded soils by improving soil structure, soil moisture and micro organism content. As the technology provides nutrients to plants it also reduces environmental pollution associated with inorganic fertilizer use. Nutrients are released gradually, enabling the following year’s crops to benefit as well. Weeding is done easily in areas applied with compost manure as the soil has a soft texture. Through this technology, home hygiene is improved by utilising wastes. Plant diseases and pests like banana weevils are suppressed.
However, making compost manure is challenging. It requires a lot of commitment and serious efforts to collect the kitchen and garden residues all the time. Digging a pit is quite laborious and farmers with little land find it hard to reserve land for compost pits.
This technology is an agronomic measure that helps in waste management through recycling, re-use or reduction of wastes, thereby improving sustainable land management. Maintenance is always by ensuring that compost pits are not under permanent shade and properly covered. Pits should be emptied after the process is done in preparation for the next cycle.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Land use has not changed due to the technology applied.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

In case of banana plantation, the compost is applied around banana heaps and in trenches between 4 banana heap.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Compost manure application reduces /restores degraded soils. This is throug improving soil structure, soil moisture and micro organism content.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The dimensions for the compost pits are:
Width 2 m
Length 2 m
Depth 0.5 m
Slope: Gentle slope

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

UGX

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3224.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Select a suitable place near the garden and near the home stead	其它措施	Once
2.	Site should not be under permanent shade	其它措施	Once
3.	Put top soil in between different layers to quicken decomposition	结构性的	once
4.	After filling with materials,cover with soil and make it dome shaped	结构性的	Once
5.	leave it to settle for 4-5 months when it is fully decomposed	其它措施	Once

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Digging 3 Pits	man pit	3.0	2500.0	7500.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a hoe	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a spade	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a watering can	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a pan	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					11500.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

All costs are covered by the land user (100%)

注释:

The technology is cost efficient to low income farmers.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	By covering the manure under decomposition	管理	Every 5 months
2.	By empying the pits when manure is ready	管理	Every 5 months

注释:

The technology has few activities on the maintenance side.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Emptying pits		1.0	2500.0	2500.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a hoe	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a spade	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
设备	Hiring a pan	pic	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					5500.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour. Despite the fact that the technology is highly cost effective, most farmers lack money to hire people to dig pits for them and buy the few necessary inputs like spade, hoes for the activity to take place.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

The technology has no off site impacts.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Manure made on farm is cheaper than when it is brought from off farm. Organic manure improves on soil structure.
Manure is readily available. Increases water holding capacity.
The technology improves on home hygiene.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
It is a very cheap technology that avails manure to farmers using locally available materials.
Poor farmers who cannot afford buying in organic fertilizers can improve on their yields using this technology.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology requires a garden that is so close to the homestead since the materials are bulky to carry.	Make pits closer to the home.
Need to control the rainfall run off from the decomposing area.	Advisable to construct pits under shades.
Microbes required to release nutrients require moisture so seasonal variations may affect the system.	Farmers should always utilize the seasons' conditions to enable best microbial action.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Few farmers have adopted the technology since it demands commitment.	Sensitization to farmers on the importance of organic manure.
There is always a bad smell before the materials are covered up hence may result to conflicts from neighbours.	Collecting the wastes faster and cover them immediately.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

The Effects Of Various Organic Fertilizers On Growth Biology Essay,PASCHALIS BARLAS,2013

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/biology/the-effects-of-various-organic-fertilizers-on-growth-biology-essay.php

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Climate change mitigation potential of agricultural practices supported by IFAD investments by Mery Richards,Aslihan Arslan,Romina Cavatassi Todd Rosenstock

URL:

https://www.academia.edu/38512422/IFAD_RESEARCH_SERIES_35_-_Climate_change_mitigation_potential_of_agricultural_practices_supported_by_IFAD_investments_An_ex_ante_analysis